Externalized glycolytic enzymes are novel, conserved, and early biomarkers of apoptosis.

ABSTRACT: The intriguing cell biology of apoptotic cell death results in the externalization of numerous autoantigens on the apoptotic cell surface, including protein determinants for specific recognition, linked to immune responses. Apoptotic cells are recognized by phagocytes and trigger an active immunosuppressive response ("innate apoptotic immunity" (IAI)) even in the absence of engulfment. IAI is responsible for the lack of inflammation associated normally with the clearance of apoptotic cells; its failure also has been linked to inflammatory and autoimmune pathology, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatic diseases. Apoptotic recognition determinants underlying IAI have yet to be identified definitively; we argue that these molecules are surface-exposed (during apoptotic cell dea

SUBMITTER: Ucker DS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3323007 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature