Exposure to secondhand smoke outside of a bar and a restaurant and tobacco exposure biomarkers in nonsmokers.

ABSTRACT:

Background

With an increase in indoor smoking bans, many smokers smoke outside establishments and near their entrances, which has become a public health concern.

Objectives

We characterized the exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke (SHS) outside a restaurant and bar in Athens, Georgia, where indoor smoking is banned, using salivary cotinine and urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL).

Methods

In a crossover study, we assigned 28 participants to outdoor patios of a restaurant and a bar and an open-air site with no smokers on three weekend days; participants visited each site once and stayed for 3 hr. We collected saliva and urine samples immediately before and after the visits (postexposure) and on the following morning and analyzed samples fo

SUBMITTER: St Helen G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3404659 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature