Improved orange and red Ca²± indicators and photophysical considerations for optogenetic applications.

ABSTRACT: We have used protein engineering to expand the palette of genetically encoded calcium ion (Ca(2+)) indicators to include orange and improved red fluorescent variants, and validated the latter for combined use with optogenetic activation by channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). These indicators feature intensiometric signal changes that are 1.7- to 9.7-fold improved relatively to the progenitor Ca(2+) indicator, R-GECO1. In the course of this work, we discovered a photoactivation phenomenon in red fluorescent Ca(2+) indicators that, if not appreciated and accounted for, can cause false-positive artifacts in Ca(2+) imaging traces during optogenetic activation with ChR2. We demonstrate, in both a beta cell line and slice culture of developing mouse neocortex, that these artifacts can be avoided by using

SUBMITTER: Wu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3689190 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature