Dataset Information

Aichi virus in sewage and surface water, the Netherlands.

ABSTRACT: Detection of Aichi virus in humans was initially reported in Japan in 1989. To establish a timeline for the prevalence of Aichi virus infection among humans in the Netherlands, we conducted molecular analysis of archival water samples from 1987-2000 and 2009-2012. Aichi virus RNA was detected in 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 100% (7/7) of surface water samples collected during 1987-2000 and 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 71% (5/7) of surface water samples collected during 2009-2012. Several genotype A and B Aichi virus lineages were observed over the 25-year period studied, but the time course of viral genetic diversity showed recent expansion of the genotype B population over genotype A. Our results show that Aichi virus has been circulating among the human population in the Netherlands since before its initial detection in humans was reported and that genotype B now predominates in this country.

SUBMITTER: Lodder WJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3739534 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Aichi virus in sewage and surface water, the Netherlands.

Lodder Willemijn J WJ Rutjes Saskia A SA Takumi Katsuhisa K de Roda Husman Ana Maria AM

Emerging infectious diseases 20130801 8

Detection of Aichi virus in humans was initially reported in Japan in 1989. To establish a timeline for the prevalence of Aichi virus infection among humans in the Netherlands, we conducted molecular analysis of archival water samples from 1987-2000 and 2009-2012. Aichi virus RNA was detected in 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 100% (7/7) of surface water samples collected during 1987-2000 and 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 71% (5/7) of surface water samples collected during 2009-2012. Several ...[more]

PMID: 23876456

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Project description:Human Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1) is a water- and food-borne infection-associated picornavirus that causes gastroenteritis in humans. Recent studies on environmental waters showed a high frequency and abundance of AiV-1, suggesting that it might be an appropriate indicator of fecal contamination. We screened 450 surface and drinking water samples from a Tunisian drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and the Sidi Salem dam for AiV-1 by real time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). The persistence of infectious particles was evaluated using an integrated cell culture approach coupled with quantitative molecular detection (ICC-RT-qPCR). In all, 85 (18.9%) water samples were positive for AiV-1 with viral loads ranging from 0.47 to 11.62 log10 cp/L and a median of 4.97 log10 cp/L, including 30/100 raw, 18/50 decanted, 14/50 flocculated, 9/100 treated, 1/50 tap, and 13/100 surface water samples. Of these, 15 (17.6%) samples contained infectious AiV-1 genotype A particles, including five raw, four decanted, one surface, three flocculated, and two treated water samples. Our data suggest that the persistence of infectious AiV-1 particles in environmental waters might represent a potential threat to public health. This study also indicates that the ICC-RT-qPCR is a practical tool for monitoring human waterborne viral risk in aquatic environments.IMPORTANCEHuman Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1) is a water- and food-borne infection-associated picornavirus that causes gastroenteritis in humans. Its high frequency and abundance in environmental waters would suggest that it might be an appropriate indicator of fecal contamination. The analysis of surface and drinking water samples from a Tunisian drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and the Sidi Salem dam using an integrated cell culture approach coupled with a quantitative molecular detection (ICC-RT-qPCR) confirmed the persistence of infectious AiV-1 particles in samples at all stages of the treatment process, except in tap water. This suggests that the persistence of AiV-1 infectivity in environmental waters might represent a potential threat to public health. This study also indicates that the ICC-RT-qPCR is a practical tool for monitoring human waterborne viral risk in aquatic environments.

Project description:Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are fully synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that are becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of clinical and veterinary infections. Being excreted during treatment, mostly as active compounds, their biological action is not limited to the therapeutic site, but it is moved further as resistance selection pressure into the environment. Water environment is an ideal medium for the aggregation and dissemination of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can pose a serious threat to human health. Because of this, the aim of this study was to determine the number of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria (FQRB) and their share in total heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) in treated wastewater (TWW), and upstream and downstream river water (URW, DRW) samples where TWW is discharged. The spread of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants and the presence/absence of resistance genes to other most popular antibiotic groups (against tetracyclines and beta-lactams) in selected 116 multiresistant isolates were investigated. The share of FQRB in total HPC in all samples was rather small and ranged from 0.7 % in URW samples to 7.5 % in TWW. Bacteria from Escherichia (25.0 %), Acinetobacter (25.0 %), and Aeromonas (6.9 %) genera were predominant in the FQRB group. Fluoroquinolone resistance was mostly caused by the presence of the gene aac(6')-1b-cr (91.4 %). More rarely reported was the occurrence of qnrS, qnrD, as well as oqxA, but qnrA, qnrB, qepA, and oqxB were extremely rarely or never noted in FQRB. The most prevalent bacterial genes connected with beta-lactams' resistance in FQRB were bla TEM, bla OXA, and bla CTX-M. The bla SHV was less common in the community of FQRB. The occurrence of bla genes was reported in almost 29.3 % of FQRB. The most abundant tet genes in FQRB were tet(A), tet(L), tet(K), and tet(S). The prevalence of tet genes was observed in 41.4 % of FQRB. The highest prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms was detected in TWW and DRW samples. It indicates that discharged TWW harbors multiresistant bacterial strains and that mobile PMQR and ARGs elements may have a selective pressure for species affiliated to bacteria in the river water.

Dataset Information

Aichi virus in sewage and surface water, the Netherlands.

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Aichi virus in sewage and surface water, the Netherlands.

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