Protein tyrosine phosphatases and type 1 diabetes: genetic and functional implications of PTPN2 and PTPN22.

ABSTRACT: Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a central role in modulating the transduction of cellular signals, including the cells of the immune system. Several PTPs, PTPN22, PTPN2, and UBASH3A, have been associated with risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by genome wide association studies. Based on the current understanding of PTPs, it is clear that these variants impact antigen receptor signaling and cytokine signaling. This impact likely contributes to the development and progression of autoimmunity through multiple mechanisms, including failures of central and peripheral tolerance and the promotion of proinflammatory T cell responses. In this review, we discuss the genetic and functional implications of two of these PTPs, PTPN22 and PTPN2, in the development of T1D. We describe the known role

SUBMITTER: Cerosaletti K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3740690 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature