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Neural primacy of the salience processing system in schizophrenia.


ABSTRACT: For effective information processing, two large-scale distributed neural networks appear to be critical: a multimodal executive system anchored on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and a salience system anchored on the anterior insula. Aberrant interaction among distributed networks is a feature of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. We used whole-brain Granger causal modeling using resting fMRI and observed a significant failure of both the feedforward and reciprocal influence between the insula and the DLPFC in schizophrenia. Further, a significant failure of directed influence from bilateral visual cortices to the insula was also seen in patients. These findings provide compelling evidence for a breakdown of the salience-execution loop in the clinical expression of psychosis. In addition, this offers a parsimonious explanation for the often-observed "frontal inefficiency," the failure to recruit prefrontal system when salient or novel information becomes available in patients with schizophrenia.

SUBMITTER: Palaniyappan L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3752973 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Neural primacy of the salience processing system in schizophrenia.

Palaniyappan Lena L   Simmonite Molly M   White Thomas P TP   Liddle Elizabeth B EB   Liddle Peter F PF  

Neuron 20130801 4


For effective information processing, two large-scale distributed neural networks appear to be critical: a multimodal executive system anchored on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and a salience system anchored on the anterior insula. Aberrant interaction among distributed networks is a feature of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. We used whole-brain Granger causal modeling using resting fMRI and observed a significant failure of both the feedforward and reciprocal influence  ...[more]

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