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Fate of pathologically bound oxygen resulting from inhalation of labeled ozone in rats.

ABSTRACT: Inhaled ozone (O3) reacts chemically with respiratory tract biomolecules where it forms covalently bound oxygen adducts. We investigated the fate of these adducts following inhalation exposure of rats to labeled ozone ((18)O3, 2 ppm, 6 hr or 5 ppm, 2 hr). Increased (18)O was detected in blood plasma at 7 hr post exposure and was continuously present in urine for 4 days. Total (18)O excreted was ~53% of the estimated amount of (18)O3 retained by the rats during (18)O3 exposure suggesting that only moderate recycling of the adduct material occurs. The time course of excretion, as well as properties of the excreted (18)O were determined to provide guidance to future searches for urinary oxidative stress markers. These results lend plausibility to published findings that O3 inhalation could exert influences outside the lung, such as enhancement of atherosclerotic plaques.

SUBMITTER: Hatch GE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3772903 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fate of pathologically bound oxygen resulting from inhalation of labeled ozone in rats.

Hatch Gary E GE Slade Ralph R McKee John J

Environmental health insights 20130904

Inhaled ozone (O3) reacts chemically with respiratory tract biomolecules where it forms covalently bound oxygen adducts. We investigated the fate of these adducts following inhalation exposure of rats to labeled ozone ((18)O3, 2 ppm, 6 hr or 5 ppm, 2 hr). Increased (18)O was detected in blood plasma at 7 hr post exposure and was continuously present in urine for 4 days. Total (18)O excreted was ~53% of the estimated amount of (18)O3 retained by the rats during (18)O3 exposure suggesting that onl ...[more]

PMID: 24052692

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:A simple but reliable and safe anaesthetic procedure is required for surgical interventions in small rodents. Combined ketamine and xylazine injections are often used in rats for less invasive surgery, possibly with spontaneous breathing and without airway management. However, there are important pitfalls to be avoided by special precautions and monitoring, as shown subsequently. STUDY DESIGN:Observational study. ANIMALS:Twenty-four anaesthetic procedures for bile duct ligation, sham operation or carotid artery dilatation in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats, preoperatively weighing between 440 and 550 g. METHODS:Intolerable high mortality rates occurred in the first 7 postoperative days while establishing a new experimental model in rats using ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia. Rats were spontaneously breathing ambient air during the first 12 surgeries without airway management. An observed high mortality rate in these animals led to a change in the trial protocol: the insufflation of 2 litres of oxygen per minute via nose cone during the following 12 rat surgeries. Retrospective comparison of the outcome (without oxygen vs. with oxygen insufflation) was conducted. RESULTS:The perioperative mortality rate could be significantly reduced from 58% (7/12) to 17% (2/12) (p = 0.036) by oxygen insufflation via nose cone. Significantly different levels of intraoperative oxygen saturation (SpO2; 89 ± 4% [without oxygen] vs. 97 ± 0.5% [with oxygen], p < 0.0001), but no significant differences in heart rate (HR; 267 ± 7 beats minute-1 [bpm] [without oxygen] vs. 266 ± 6 bpm [with oxygen], p = 0.955) were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:In summary, rats under ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia are susceptible to hypoxia. This may lead to increased delayed mortality related to hypoxia induced lung failure. Apparently, this is an underestimated problem. We highly recommend using additional oxygen insufflation in spontaneously breathing rats under ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia with basic monitoring such as measurement of oxygen saturation.

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Fate of pathologically bound oxygen resulting from inhalation of labeled ozone in rats.

Publications

Fate of pathologically bound oxygen resulting from inhalation of labeled ozone in rats.

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