Blood cadmium is elevated in iron deficient U.S. children: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cadmium (Cd), a widespread environmental contaminant, and iron deficiency (ID), the most common nutrient deficiency in the world, are known risk factors for neurodevelopmental delays, as well as other disorders, in infants and children. Studies assessing the cumulative effects of these factors are lacking in children, despite concerns of increased uptake of metals in the presence of ID. Here we sought to determine if blood and urine Cd levels were elevated in ID children compared to non-ID children.

Methods

Data for 5224 children, aged 3-19 years, were obtained from the 1999-2002 NHANES. ID was defined as ≥2 of 3 abnormal iron indicators (low serum ferritin [SF], high free erythrocyte protoporphyrin [FEP], low % transferrin saturation [TSAT]); ID anemia (IDA) was

SUBMITTER: Silver MK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3883480 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature