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A novel accessory molecule Trim59 involved in cytotoxicity of BCG-activated macrophages.

ABSTRACT: BCG-activated macrophages (BAM) could kill the tumor cells through cell-cell contact. In this process membrane proteins play an important role. However, up to date, few membrane proteins were revealed. In this study, we selected a surface molecule named Trim59, which was specifically expressed on BAM membrane (compared with the negative control). We cloned and prokaryoticly expressed the extracellular domain of Trim59, purified the recombinant protein and generated polyclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemistry showed that Trim59 abundantly expressed in spleen, stomach and ovary; intermediately expressed in brain, lung, kidney, muscle and intestine; but not in thymus, liver, heart, uterus. Using the antibodies to block Trim59 on BAM significantly reduced BAM cytotoxicity against MCA207 cells. This demonstrated that Trim59 serves as an indispensable molecule in maintaining BAM activity. Overexpression of Trim59 in Raw264.7 cell line failed to lyse target MCA207 cells, which potentiated Trim59 per se could not enhance macrophage cytotoxicity; on another hand, overexpression of Trim59 enhance the pinocytosis and Phagocytosis activity of Raw-264.7, which imply Trim59 might mediate the cell-molecule interaction. Our results indicate Trim59 might be an essential accessory molecule in mediating BAM tumoricidal functions; and Trim59 is a phagocytosis-correlated molecule.

SUBMITTER: Zhao X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3887842 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A novel accessory molecule Trim59 involved in cytotoxicity of BCG-activated macrophages.

Zhao Xiangfeng X Liu Qihui Q Du Baiqiu B Li Peng P Cui Qu Q Han Xiao X Du Bairong B Yan Dongmei D Zhu Xun X

Molecules and cells 20120903 3

BCG-activated macrophages (BAM) could kill the tumor cells through cell-cell contact. In this process membrane proteins play an important role. However, up to date, few membrane proteins were revealed. In this study, we selected a surface molecule named Trim59, which was specifically expressed on BAM membrane (compared with the negative control). We cloned and prokaryoticly expressed the extracellular domain of Trim59, purified the recombinant protein and generated polyclonal antibodies. Immunoh ...[more]

PMID: 22949172

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Project description:BackgroundBCG is the most widely used vaccine of all time and remains the only licensed vaccine for use against tuberculosis in humans. BCG also protects other species such as cattle against tuberculosis, but due to its incompatibility with current tuberculin testing regimens remains unlicensed. BCG's efficacy relates to its ability to persist in the host for weeks, months or even years after vaccination. It is unclear to what degree this ability to resist the host's immune system is maintained by a dynamic interaction between the vaccine strain and its host as is the case for pathogenic mycobacteria.ResultsTo investigate this question, we constructed transposon mutant libraries in both BCG Pasteur and BCG Danish strains and inoculated them into bovine lymph nodes. Cattle are well suited to such an assay, as they are naturally susceptible to tuberculosis and are one of the few animal species for which a BCG vaccination program has been proposed. After three weeks, the BCG were recovered and the input and output libraries compared to identify mutants with in vivo fitness defects. Less than 10% of the mutated genes were identified as affecting in vivo fitness, they included genes encoding known mycobacterial virulence functions such as mycobactin synthesis, sugar transport, reductive sulphate assimilation, PDIM synthesis and cholesterol metabolism. Many other attenuating genes had not previously been recognised as having a virulence phenotype. To test these genes, we generated and characterised three knockout mutants that were predicted by transposon mutagenesis to be attenuating in vivo: pyruvate carboxylase, a hypothetical protein (BCG_1063), and a putative cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase. The knockout strains survived as well as wild type during in vitro culture and in bovine macrophages, yet demonstrated marked attenuation during passage in bovine lymph nodes confirming that they were indeed involved in persistence of BCG in the host.ConclusionThese data show that BCG is far from passive during its interaction with the host, rather it continues to employ its remaining virulence factors, to interact with the host's innate immune system to allow it to persist, a property that is important for its protective efficacy.

Project description:Objectives and designWe identified a novel TRIM59 gene, as an early signal transducer in two (SV40Tag and Ras) oncogene pathways in murine prostate cancer (CaP) models. We explore its clinical applications as a multitumour marker detecting early tumorigenesis by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Setting and participants88 CaP patients were from a tissue microarray (TMA) of radical prostatectomy specimen, 42 patients from a 35 multiple tumour TMA, 75 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 92 patients from eight different tumour groups (breast, lung, parotid, gastrointestinal, female genital tract, bladder, kidney and prostate cancer).ResultsTRIM59 upregulation specifically in tumour area was determined by IHC in 291 cases of 37 tumour types. To demonstrate that TRIM59 upregulation is 'tumour-specific', we characterised a significant correlation of TRIM59 IHC signals with tumorigenesis and progression, while in control and normal area, TRIM59 IHC signal was all negative or significantly low. TRIM59 protein upregulation in prostate and kidney cancers was detectable in both intensity and extent in early tumorigenesis of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (p<0.05) and grade 1 of RCC (p<0.05), and stopped until high grades cancer. The results of the correlation in these two large cohorts of tumour types confirmed and repeated murine CaP model studies. Enhanced TRIM59 expression was identified in most of the 37 different tumours, while the highest intensities were in lung, breast, liver, skin, tongue and mouth (squamous cell cancer) and endometrial cancers. Multiple tumour upregulation was further confirmed by comparing relative scores of TRIM59 IHC signals in eight tumours with a larger patient population; and by a mouse whole-mount embryo (14.5 days post conception) test on the origin of TRIM59 upregulation in epithelial cells.ConclusionsTRIM59 may be used a novel multiple tumour marker for immunohistochemical detecting early tumorigenesis and could direct a novel strategy for molecular-targeted diagnosis and therapy of cancer.

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A novel accessory molecule Trim59 involved in cytotoxicity of BCG-activated macrophages.

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A novel accessory molecule Trim59 involved in cytotoxicity of BCG-activated macrophages.

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