Dataset Information

RNA interference-mediated repression of S6 kinase 1 impairs root nodule development in soybean.

ABSTRACT: Symbiotic nodule formation on legume roots is characterized with a series of developmental reprograming in root tissues, including extensive proliferation of cortical cells. We examined a possible involvement of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation in animals and yeasts, during soybean nodule development. Our results show that transcription of both GmTOR and its key downstream effector, GmS6K1, are activated during nodulation, which is paralleled with higher kinase activities of these gene products as well. RNAi-mediated knockdown of GmS6K1 impaired the nodule development with severely reduced nodule weight and numbers. In addition, expression of a few nodulins including leghemoglobin was also decreased, and consequently nitrogen fixation was found to be reduced by half. Proteomic analysis of the GmS6K1-RNAi nodules identified glutamine synthetase (GS), an essential enzyme for nitrogen assimilation in nodules, as one of the proteins that are significantly down regulated. These results appear to provide solid evidence for a functional link between GmS6K1 and nodule development.

SUBMITTER: Um JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3887909 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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RNA interference-mediated repression of S6 kinase 1 impairs root nodule development in soybean.

Um Ji-Hyun JH Kim Sunghan S Kim Yun-Kyoung YK Song Seok-Bo SB Lee Suk-Ha SH Verma Desh Pal S DP Cheon Choong-Ill CI

Molecules and cells 20130308 3

Symbiotic nodule formation on legume roots is characterized with a series of developmental reprograming in root tissues, including extensive proliferation of cortical cells. We examined a possible involvement of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation in animals and yeasts, during soybean nodule development. Our results show that transcription of both GmTOR and its key downstream effector, GmS6K1, are activated during nodulation, which is paral ...[more]

PMID: 23475423

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Project description:Soybean root nodules are known to contain a high diversity of both rhizobial endophytes and nonrhizobial endophytes (NREs). Nevertheless, the variation of these bacteria among different root nodules within single plants has not been reported. So far, it is unclear whether the selection of NREs among different root nodules within single plants is a random process or is strictly controlled by the host plant to favor a few specific NREs based on their beneficial influence on plant growth. As well, it is also unknown if the relative frequency of NREs within different root nodules is consistent or if it varies based on the location or size of a root nodule. We assessed the microbiomes of 193 individual soybean root nodules from nine plants using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains occurred in high abundance in all root nodules despite the presence of other soybean-compatible rhizobia, such as Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, and other species of Bradyrhizobium in soil. Nitrobacter and Tardiphaga were the two nonrhizobial genera that were uniformly detected within almost all root nodules, though they were in low abundance. DNA sequences related to other NREs that have frequently been reported, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Variovorax species, were detected in a few nodules. Unlike for Bradyrhizobium, the low abundance and inconsistent occurrence of previously reported NREs among different root nodules within single plants suggest that these microbes are not preferentially selected as endophytes by host plants and most likely play a limited part in plant growth as endophytes.IMPORTANCE Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a valuable food crop that also contributes significantly to soil nitrogen by developing a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Bacterial endophytes (both rhizobial and nonrhizobial) are considered critical for the growth and resilience of the legume host. In the past, several studies have suggested that the selection of bacterial endophytes within root nodules can be influenced by factors such as soil pH, nutrient availability, host plant genotype, and bacterial diversity in soil. However, the influence of size or location of root nodules on the selection of bacterial endophytes within soybean roots is unknown. It is also unclear whether the selection of nonrhizobial endophytes within different root nodules of a single plant is a random process or is strictly regulated by the host. This information can be useful in identifying potential bacterial species for developing bioinoculants that can enhance plant growth and soil nitrogen.

Dataset Information

RNA interference-mediated repression of S6 kinase 1 impairs root nodule development in soybean.

Publications

RNA interference-mediated repression of S6 kinase 1 impairs root nodule development in soybean.

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