Cortical thickness in children receiving intensive therapy for idiopathic apraxia of speech.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kadis DS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3921462 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Cortical thickness in children receiving intensive therapy for idiopathic apraxia of speech.
Kadis Darren S DS Goshulak Debra D Namasivayam Aravind A Pukonen Margit M Kroll Robert R De Nil Luc F LF Pang Elizabeth W EW Lerch Jason P JP
Brain topography 20130824 2
Children with idiopathic apraxia experience difficulties planning the movements necessary for intelligible speech. There is increasing evidence that targeted early interventions, such as Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets (PROMPT), can be effective in treating these disorders. In this study, we investigate possible cortical thickness correlates of idiopathic apraxia of speech in childhood, and changes associated with participation in an 8-week block of PROMPT therapy. We fo ...[more]
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Project description:ObjectiveWhile it is known that connected speech has different features to single-word speech, there are currently few recommendations regarding connected speech transcription. This research therefore aimed to develop a clinically feasible protocol for connected speech transcription. The protocol was then used to assist with description of the connected speech of children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), as little is known about their connected speech characteristics.Participants and methodsFollowing a literature review, the Connected Speech Transcription Protocol (CoST-P) was iteratively developed and trialled. The CoST-P was then used to transcribe 50 connected utterances produced by 12 children (aged 6-13 years) with CAS. The characteristics of participants' connected speech were analysed to capture independent and relational analyses.ResultsThe CoST-P was developed, trialled, and determined to have adequate reliability and fidelity. The frequency of inter-word segregation (mean = 29) was higher than intra-word segregation (mean = 4). Juncture accuracy was correlated with intelligibility metrics such as percentage of consonants correct.ConclusionConnected speech transcription is challenging. The CoST-P may be a useful resource for speech-language pathologists and clinical researchers. Use of the CoST-P assisted in displaying CAS speech characteristics unique to connected speech (e.g., inter-word segregation and juncture).
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Project description:Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a picture naming task of simple and complex words in children with typical speech and with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Results reveal reduced amplitude prior to speaking complex (multisyllabic) words relative to simple (monosyllabic) words for the CAS group over the right hemisphere during a time window thought to reflect phonological encoding of word forms. Group differences were also observed prior to production of spoken tokens regardless of word complexity during a time window just prior to speech onset (thought to reflect motor planning/programming). Results suggest differences in pre-speech neurolinguistic processes.
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Project description:IntroductionTranscribing disordered speech can be useful when diagnosing motor speech disorders such as primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS), who have sound additions, deletions, and substitutions, or distortions and/or slow, segmented speech. Since transcribing speech can be a laborious process and requires an experienced listener, using automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for diagnosis and treatment monitoring is appealing. This study evaluated the efficacy of a readily available ASR system (wav2vec 2.0) in transcribing speech of PPAOS patients to determine if the word error rate (WER) output by the ASR can differentiate between healthy speech and PPAOS and/or among its subtypes, whether WER correlates with AOS severity, and how the ASR's errors compare to those noted in manual transcriptions.MethodForty-five patients with PPAOS and 22 healthy controls were recorded repeating 13 words, 3 times each, which were transcribed manually and using wav2vec 2.0. The WER and phonetic and prosodic speech errors were compared between groups, and ASR results were compared against manual transcriptions.ResultsMean overall WER was 0.88 for patients and 0.33 for controls. WER significantly correlated with AOS severity and accurately distinguished between patients and controls but not between AOS subtypes. The phonetic and prosodic errors from the ASR transcriptions were also unable to distinguish between subtypes, whereas errors calculated from human transcriptions were. There was poor agreement in the number of phonetic and prosodic errors between the ASR and human transcriptions.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that ASR can be useful in differentiating healthy from disordered speech and evaluating PPAOS severity but does not distinguish PPAOS subtypes. ASR transcriptions showed weak agreement with human transcriptions; thus, ASR may be a useful tool for the transcription of speech in PPAOS, but the research questions posed must be carefully considered within the context of its limitations.Supplemental materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26359417.
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Project description:PurposeBehaviorally, acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) is a multidimensional syndrome that the experienced clinician recognizes based on impaired articulation and abnormal temporal prosody. We conducted this study to determine the extent to which three core features of AOS-when defined quantitatively-distinguish categorically among aphasia with no or minimal speech sound involvement, aphasia with AOS, and aphasia with phonemic paraphasia (APP).MethodThe study involved retrospective analysis of 195 participants with stroke-induced aphasia. We used three quantitative measures (phonemic error frequency, distortion error frequency, and word syllable duration [WSD]) to divide the sample into four participant groups according to the most likely speech diagnosis: aphasia with minimal speech sound errors, AOS, APP, and a borderline group with mixed profiles. We then conducted nonparametric comparisons across groups for which the measures were not defined and visualized all three measures in a three-dimensional graph.ResultsThe measures distributed as multidimensional spectra rather than discrete diagnostic entities, and there was considerable behavioral overlap among participant groups. Thirty percent of participants presented with aphasia with minimal sound production difficulties, and they were statistically indistinguishable from the APP group on distortion frequency and WSD. Distortion frequency and WSD were in a borderline region between AOS and APP for 29% of participants. Compared to all other groups, participants with AOS produced significantly more errors that affected listeners' phonemic perception.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the current AOS-APP dichotomy has limited validity. We conclude that a continuous multidimensional view of speech variation would be a constructive perspective from which to understand how the left cerebral hemisphere produces speech and that quantitative and normed speech measures should be used to inform differential diagnosis in clinical settings.Supplemental materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21807609.
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Project description:The goal of this research was to obtain initial estimates of the prevalence of each of four types of motor speech disorders in children with idiopathic Speech Delay (SD) and to use findings to estimate the population-based prevalence of each disorder. Analyses were completed on audio-recorded conversational speech samples from 415 children recruited for research in idiopathic SD in six USA cities during the past three decades. The speech and motor speech status of each participant was cross-classified using standardized measures in the finalized version of the Speech Disorders Classification System described in the Supplement. Population-based prevalence estimates for the four motor speech disorders were calculated from epidemiological studies of SD conducted in Australia, England, and the USA. A total of 82.2% of the 415 participants with SD met criteria for No Motor Speech Disorder at assessment, 12% met criteria for Speech Motor Delay, 3.4% met criteria for Childhood Dysarthria, 2.4% met criteria for Childhood Apraxia of Speech, and 0% met criteria for concurrent Childhood Dysarthria and Childhood Apraxia of Speech. The estimated population-based prevalence of each of the first three motor speech disorders at 4 to 8 years of age were Speech Motor Delay: 4 children per 1,000; Childhood Dysarthria: 1 child per 1,000; and Childhood Apraxia of Speech: 1 child per 1,000. The latter finding cross-validates a prior prevalence estimate for Childhood Apraxia of Speech of 1-2 children per 1,000. Findings are interpreted to indicate a substantial prevalence of motor speech disorders in children with idiopathic SD. Abbreviations: CAS, childhood apraxia of speech; CD, childhood dysarthria; CND, complex neurodevelopmental disorders; DI, dysarthria index; DSI, dysarthria subtype indices; MSD, motor speech disorder; No MSD, no motor speech disorder; NSA, normal(ized) speech acquisition; PEPPER, programs to examine phonetic and phonologic evaluation records; PM, pause marker; PMI, pause marker index; PSD, persistent speech delay; PSE, persistent speech errors; SD, speech delay; SDCS, speech disorders classification system; SDCSS, speech disorders classification system summary; SE, speech errors; SMD, speech motor delay.
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