Neuronal production of lipocalin-2 as a help-me signal for glial activation.

ABSTRACT:

Background and purpose

We explored the hypothesis that injured neurons release lipocalin-2 as a help me signal.

Methods

In vivo lipocalin-2 responses were assessed in rat focal cerebral ischemia and human stroke brain samples using a combination of ELISA and immunostaining. In vitro, microglia and astrocytes were exposed to lipocalin-2, and various markers and assays of glial activation were quantified. Functional relevance of neuron-to-glia lipocalin-2 signaling was examined by transferring conditioned media from lipocalin-2-activated microglia and astrocytes onto neurons to see whether activated glia could protect neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation and promote neuroplasticity.

Results

In human stroke samples and rat cerebral ischemia, neuronal expression of

SUBMITTER: Xing C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4122238 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature