The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update.

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further maligna

SUBMITTER: Liu M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4145080 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature