Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach.

Design

Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, and observational meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress.

Participants

Current, former and never smokers of European ancestry aged ≥16 years from 25 studies in the Consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA).

Primary outcome measures

Binary definitions of depression, anxiety and psychological distress assessed by clinical interview, symptom scales or self-reported recall of c

SUBMITTER: Taylor AE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4187451 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature