System biology of bacterial cellulose production
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: de Souza S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4210711 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study is focused on exploring the feasibility of simultaneously producing the two products, cellulose nitrates (CNs) and bacterial cellulose (BC), from Miscanthus × giganteus. The starting cellulose for them was isolated by successive treatments of the feedstock with HNO3 and NaOH solutions. The cellulose was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for 2, 8, and 24 h. The cellulose samples after the hydrolysis were distinct in structure from the starting sample (degree of polymerization (DP) 1770, degree of crystallinity (DC) 64%) and between each other (DP 1510-1760, DC 72-75%). The nitration showed that these samples and the starting cellulose could successfully be nitrated to furnish acetone-soluble CNs. Extending the hydrolysis time from 2 h to 24 h led to an enhanced yield of CNs from 116 to 131%, with the nitrogen content and the viscosity of the CN samples increasing from 11.35 to 11.83% and from 94 to 119 mPa·s, respectively. The SEM analysis demonstrated that CNs retained the fiber shape. The IR spectroscopy confirmed that the synthesized material was specifically CNs, as evidenced by the characteristic frequencies of 1657-1659, 1277, 832-833, 747, and 688-690 cm-1. Nutrient media derived from the hydrolyzates obtained in 8 h and 24 h were of good quality for the synthesis of BC, with yields of 11.1% and 9.6%, respectively. The BC samples had a reticulate structure made of interlaced microfibrils with 65 and 81 nm widths and DPs of 2100 and 2300, respectively. It is for the first time that such an approach for the simultaneous production of CNs and BC has been employed.
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Project description:Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure and crystalline material generated by aerobic bacteria, which has received significant interest due to its unique physiochemical characteristics in comparison with plant cellulose. BC, alone or in combination with different components (e.g., biopolymers and nanoparticles), can be used for a wide range of applications, such as medical products, electrical instruments, and food ingredients. In recent years, biomedical devices have gained important attention due to the increase in medical engineering products for wound care, regeneration of organs, diagnosis of diseases, and drug transportation. Bacterial cellulose has potential applications across several medical sectors and permits the development of innovative materials. This paper reviews the progress of related research, including overall information about bacterial cellulose, production by microorganisms, mechanisms as well as BC cultivation and its nanocomposites. The latest use of BC in the biomedical field is thoroughly discussed with its applications in both a pure and composite form. This paper concludes the further investigations of BC in the future that are required to make it marketable in vital biomaterials.
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Project description:Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is still the most renewable available biopolymer produced in fine nature from alternative microbial sources as bacteria. In the present study, newly BC producing bacteria were successfully isolated from acidic fruits. The most potent producer was isolated from strawberry and identified genetically using 16 s rRNA technique as Achromobacter S3. Different fruit peels were screened to produce BC using the cheapest culture medium. Among them, Mango peel waste (MPW) hydrolysate proved to be the significant inducible alternative medium without any extra nutrients for the maximum productivity. Improvement of the BC yield was successfully achieved via statistical optimization of the MPW culture medium, from 0.52 g/L to 1.22 g/L with 2.5-fold increased about the standard HS culture medium. Additionally, the physicochemical analysis affirmed the cellulose molecular structure as well as observed the crystallinity of nanofiber as 72 and 79% for BC produced by Achromobacter S33 on HS and MPW media, respectively. Moreover, the topographical study illustrated that the BC nanofibers had close characteristics upon fiber dimeter and length as about 10 and 200 nm, respectively.
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Project description:Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer with properties suitable for tissue engineering and possible applications in scaffold production. However, current procedures have limitations in obtaining BC pellicles with the desired structural, physical, and mechanical properties. Thus, this study analyzed the optimal culture conditions of BC membranes and two types of processing: draining and oven-drying. The aim was to obtain BC membranes with properties suitable for a wound dressing material. Two studies were carried out. In the preliminary study, the medium (100 mL) was inoculated with varying volumes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL) and incubated statically for different periods (3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 days), using a full factorial experimental design. Thickness, uniformity, weight, and yield were evaluated. In the optimization study, a Box-Behnken design was used. Two independent variables were used: inoculum volume (X1: 1, 3, and 5 mL) and fermentation period (X2: 6, 12, and 18 d) to determine the target response variables: thickness, swelling ratio, drug release, fiber diameter, tensile strength, and Young's modulus for both dry and moist BC membranes. The mathematical modelling of the effect of the two independent variables was performed by response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained models were validated with new experimental values and confirmed for all tested properties, except Young's modulus of oven-dried BC. Thus, the optimal properties in terms of a scaffold material of the moist BC were obtained with an inoculum volume of 5% (v/v) and 16 d of fermentation. While, for the oven-dried membranes, optimal properties were obtained with a 4% (v/v) and 14 d of fermentation.
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