Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water: a case study from Michigan, USA to inform management of rural water systems.

ABSTRACT: Cryptosporidium and Giardia pose a threat to human health in rural environments where water supplies are commonly untreated and susceptible to contamination from agricultural animal waste/manure, animal wastewater, septic tank effluents and septage. Our goals for this paper are to: (1) explore the prevalence of these protozoan parasites, where they are found, in what quantities, and which genotypes are present; (2) examine relationships between disease and land use comparing human health risks between rural and urban environments; and (3) synthesize available information to gain a better understanding of risk and risk management for rural water supplies. Our results indicate that Cryptosporidium and Giardia were more prevalent in rural versus urban environments based on the number of posit

SUBMITTER: Dreelin EA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4210991 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature