The periodic health examination in adults.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ponka D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4216260 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
The periodic health examination in adults.
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 20141006 16
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundRoutine periodic health examinations (PHEs) for adults who are asymptomatic are included in clinical preventive services. They aim to prevent morbidity and mortality by identifying modifiable risk factors and early signs of treatable diseases. PHEs are a standard procedure in primary health care worldwide, including in Jordan. The country is undergoing an epidemiological transition toward noncommunicable diseases, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of smoking is among the highest in the world, with escalating rates of obesity and physical inactivity. Notably, hypertension and diabetes are the most prevalent diseases.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the extent to which individuals in Jordan participate in PHEs and to evaluate the various factors related to sociodemographics, health, knowledge, and behavior that influence this participation.MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional design and includes 362 participants 18 years or older residing in Jordan. A convenience sampling method was used, and data were collected through a hybrid web-based and face-to-face questionnaire. The analysis involved the application of logistic regression through SPSS to investigate the relationship between various influencing factors and the uptake of PHEs.ResultsOur study indicated that only 98 of the 362 (27.1%, 95% CI 22.8%-31.9%) participants underwent PHEs within the last 2 years. Noteworthy predictors of PHE uptake among Jordanians included recent visits to a primary health care facility within the previous year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.32, 95% CI 2.40-7.76; P<.001), monthly income (P=.02; individuals with a monthly income of 1500-2000 JD displayed more than five times the odds of undertaking PHEs than those with a monthly income <500 JD; AOR 5.74, 95% CI 1.32-24.90; P=.02; those with a monthly income of more than 2000 JD exhibited even higher odds; AOR 9.81, 95% CI 1.73-55.55; P=.02; a currency exchange rate of 1 JD=US $1.43 is applicable), and knowledge levels regarding PHEs and preventive health measures (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.47; P=.007). These variables emerged as the strongest predictors in our analysis, shedding light on key factors influencing PHE uptake in the population. Contrary to other research, our study did not find any statistically significant association between gender (P=.33), smoking status (P=.76), marital status (P=.52), health status self-evaluation (P=.18), seasonal influenza vaccination (P=.07), combined health behavior factors (P=.34), and BMI (P=.76) and PHE uptake.ConclusionsPHE uptake is notably low in Jordan. Critical determinants of this uptake include recent visits to a primary health care facility within the previous year, monthly income, and knowledge levels regarding PHEs and preventive health services. To enhance PHE uptake, there is a critical need to integrate PHEs with primary health care services, increase awareness about PHEs, and offer free preventive services, particularly for those at high risk.
| S-EPMC11822400 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDuring the past 2 decades, there has been a rapid proliferation of "health examination center (HEC)" across China. The effects of their services on public's health have not been systemically investigated. This study aimed to assess the impact of periodic health examination (PHE) at HEC on surgical treatment for uterine fibroids in Beijing residents.MethodsWe identified 224 patients with a primary diagnosis of uterine fibroids who had surgical treatment at four Level-1 general hospitals in Beijing, from June 1, 2009 to October 20, 2009. Controls were women who did not have surgery for uterine fibroids, matched (1:1 ratio) for age (within 2 years). A standard questionnaire was used to inquire about whether participants had PHE at HEC during the previous 2 years.ResultsPHE at HEC within 2 years were associated with surgical treatment for uterine fibroids. Odds ratios was 4.05 (95% CI, 2.61-6.29 P < 0.001), after adjustment for marital status, whether have children, annual family income, health insurance, education level and self-rated uterine fibroids-related symptom severity.ConclusionsOur study showed PHE currently provided at HEC in China were associated with significantly increased use of surgical treatment for uterine fibroids in women. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of PHE on clinical as well as on broad societal outcomes in Chinese in contemporary medical settings.
| S-EPMC3002351 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMany evidence-based recommendations advocate against the use of routine chest x-rays for asymptomatic, low-risk outpatients; however, it is unclear how regularly chest x-rays are ordered in primary care. Our study aims to describe the frequency of, and variation in, routine chest x-ray use in low-risk outpatients among primary care physicians.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, Ontario residents aged 18 years and older with a periodic health examination (PHE) between Apr. 1, 2010, and Mar. 31, 2015, were identified via administrative claims data. Patients with a recent history (last 3 years) of any of the following were excluded: cardiac or pulmonary disease, high-risk comorbidity (e.g., diabetes), consultations/visits or procedures involving cardiac or pulmonary specialists, cancer and severe chest trauma. The primary outcome, a routine chest x-ray, was defined as at least 1 chest x-ray claim within 7 days after a PHE.ResultsWhile a routine chest x-ray followed only 2.42% of 2 847 508 PHEs, one-quarter of family physicians (499/2031) ordered chest x-rays for more than 5.0% of their PHEs (interquartile range 1.5%-5.0%) and accounted for 62.9% of all tests observed. Routine chest x-ray use declined by 2.0% per quarter (adjusted rate ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-0.98). Older age (45-64 yr v. 18-44 yr, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.78-1.86; ≥ 65 yr v. 18-44 yr, adjusted OR 2.48, 95% CI 2.39-2.58) and male sex of the patient (OR 2.19, 95% CI 2.14-2.24) and male sex of the provider (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.51-1.59) were significantly associated with increased odds of a routine chest x-ray being ordered.InterpretationIt is relatively uncommon for a chest x-ray to be ordered as part of a PHE in Ontario; however, the substantial variation observed among physicians suggests potential for interventions targeted at the most frequent users.
| S-EPMC6182124 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We investigated the relationship between social support and health service use among men and women with depression.Participants were 1379 adults with symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 5) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using the framework of the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, multivariable regression models used social support, stratified by depression severity, to estimate association with utilization of mental health and nonmental health services. Partial F-tests examined a priori interactions between social support and gender.Among those with adequate social support, odds of seeing a nonmental health provider were much higher when depression was moderate [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (1.3-5.3)] or severe [OR: 3.2 (1.2-8.7)], compared to those lacking social support. Conversely, odds of mental health service use were 60% lower among those with moderate depression [OR: 0.4 (0.2-1.0)] when social support was adequate as opposed to inadequate. Social support was unrelated to service use when depression was mild. Gender moderated the relationship between social support and health service use among individuals with severe depression.Social support has opposite associations with mental and nonmental health service use among adults with clinically significant depression. This association is largely attributable to the effect of male gender on the relationship between social support and health service use.
| S-EPMC5560028 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThis report presents weighted average estimates of the prevalence of periodontitis in the adult US population during the 6 years 2009-2014 and highlights key findings of a national periodontitis surveillance project.MethodsEstimates were derived for dentate adults 30 years or older from the civilian noninstitutionalized population whose periodontitis status was assessed by means of a full-mouth periodontal examination at 6 sites per tooth on all non-third molar teeth. Results are reported according to a standard format by applying the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology periodontitis case definitions for surveillance, as well as various thresholds of clinical attachment loss and periodontal probing depth.ResultsAn estimated 42% of dentate US adults 30 years or older had periodontitis, with 7.8% having severe periodontitis. Overall, 3.3% of all periodontally probed sites (9.1% of all teeth) had periodontal probing depth of 4 millimeters or greater, and 19.0% of sites (37.1% of teeth) had clinical attachment loss of 3 mm or greater. Severe periodontitis was most prevalent among adults 65 years or older, Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks, and smokers.ConclusionsThis nationally representative study shows that periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral disease among US adults.Practical implicationsDental practitioners should be aware of the high prevalence of periodontitis in US adults and may provide preventive care and counselling for periodontitis. General dentists who encounter patients with periodontitis may refer these patients to see a periodontist for specialty care.
| S-EPMC8094373 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWith the increase in the world's aging population, there is a growing need to prevent and predict dementia among the general population. The availability of national time-series health examination data in South Korea provides an opportunity to use deep learning algorithm, an artificial intelligence technology, to expedite the analysis of mass and sequential data.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the discriminative accuracy between a time-series deep learning algorithm and conventional statistical methods to predict all-cause dementia and Alzheimer dementia using periodic health examination data.MethodsDiagnostic codes in medical claims data from a South Korean national health examination cohort were used to identify individuals who developed dementia or Alzheimer dementia over a 10-year period. As a result, 479,845 and 465,081 individuals, who were aged 40 to 79 years and without all-cause dementia and Alzheimer dementia, respectively, were identified at baseline. The performance of the following 3 models was compared with predictions of which individuals would develop either type of dementia: Cox proportional hazards model using only baseline data (HR-B), Cox proportional hazards model using repeated measurements (HR-R), and deep learning model using repeated measurements (DL-R).ResultsThe discrimination indices (95% CI) for the HR-B, HR-R, and DL-R models to predict all-cause dementia were 0.84 (0.83-0.85), 0.87 (0.86-0.88), and 0.90 (0.90-0.90), respectively, and those to predict Alzheimer dementia were 0.87 (0.86-0.88), 0.90 (0.88-0.91), and 0.91 (0.91-0.91), respectively. The DL-R model showed the best performance, followed by the HR-R model, in predicting both types of dementia. The DL-R model was superior to the HR-R model in all validation groups tested.ConclusionsA deep learning algorithm using time-series data can be an accurate and cost-effective method to predict dementia. A combination of deep learning and proportional hazards models might help to enhance prevention strategies for dementia.
| S-EPMC6743261 | biostudies-literature
Project description:No study has quantified trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular health metrics among obese people in the United States in recent years. We examined the secular changes in cardiovascular health metrics and key cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese adults (aged ≥20 years) in the United States. We included 18 626 obese adults (body mass index ≥30) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999-2014. Among those obese adults, there were decreases in mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels and increases in mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and mean hemoglobin A1c levels. Prevalence of blood pressure health and lipid health remained stable during the period 1988-2014, whereas prevalence of blood glucose health decreased significantly during this period. Prevalence of freedom from cardiovascular disease risk factors remained stable at ≈15% among the adult obese population during the period 1988-2014, whereas prevalence of presence of all 3 risk factors increased from 16.4% to 22.4% during this period, commensurate with a decline in those with 1 to 2 risk factors (from 69.6% to 62.4%). During the past 3 decades, blood pressure health and blood lipid health remained stable or improved, whereas blood glucose health deteriorated among adult obese population. This resulted in an overall decrease in cardiovascular health status among obese adults and greater risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data argue for interventions targeted to those obese persons who are metabolically unhealthy to stem rising rates of diabetes mellitus.
| S-EPMC5015398 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mild cold acclimation increases insulin sensitivity and previous studies indicate that some level of muscle contraction is essential for provoking this effect. Here, 15 adults with overweight or obesity, the majority of which had impaired glucose tolerance (n=9), were intermittently cold exposed for 10 consecutive days to induce 1 hour of shivering per day. Cold acclimation with shivering improved oral glucose tolerance, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and non-esterified free-fatty acid concentrations, and may thus represent a novel lifestyle approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
2024-09-24 | GSE271452 | GEO
Project description:Background/aimsHyperuricemia plays an essential role in the gout. Despite the clinical significance of hyperuricemia, a direct relationship between oral health and hyperuricemia has not been established. We aim to investigate the association between oral health and hyperuricemia.MethodsWe selected 17,557 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database for the years 2016-2019. Oral health-related variables included the number of dental caries, regular tooth brushing, use of secondary oral products, and regular dental examinations. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model.ResultsOral health status with dental caries and oral health behaviors, including tooth brushing, secondary oral products, and regular dental examination, were significantly associated with hyperuricemia in all participants. The adjusted OR and 95% CIs for hyperuricemia comparing more than three dental caries with no dental caries were 1.28 (1.08-1.52). The adjusted OR and 95% CIs for hyperuricemia in regular tooth brushing, use of secondary oral products, and regular dental examination were 0.78 (0.67-0.91), 0.91 (0.83-1.00), and 0.86 (0.78-0.95), respectively. Notably, the association between oral health and hyperuricemia was more prominent in male subjects. In addition, when subjects were grouped by the oral health scoring system, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was lower in groups with better oral health scores.ConclusionWe demonstrated that oral health status and behaviors are associated with hyperuricemia, particularly in males. Further studies are necessary to confirm the association between oral health and hyperuricemia.
| S-EPMC11569917 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe American Heart Association has identified seven modifiable cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics, including four health behaviors (body mass index, smoking, physical activity, and dietary intake) and three health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose). We sought to examine the association between CVH metrics and depression.MethodsWe analyzed data on 14,561 adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire; a score of 0-4, 5-9, and 10 or higher represented no or minimal, mild, moderate or severe depressive symptoms, respectively. CVH was categorized as inadequate, average, or optimum. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between CVH and depression, adjusted for age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, and alcohol use.ResultsPrevalence of inadequate, average, and optimum CVH were 6.1%, 59.7%, and 34.2%; 14.9% and 7.8% of adults had mild and moderate/severe depression, respectively. Compared with participants with optimum CVH, prevalence ratios for moderate or severe depression were 4.39 (95% confidence interval, 3.32-5.80) and 2.64 (2.15-3.24) for those with inadequate and average CVH, respectively. The corresponding prevalence ratios for mild depression were 2.11 (1.77-2.52) and 1.36 (1.19-1.55). The association appeared to be stronger for CVH behaviors.ConclusionsThere was a graded association between CVH metrics, particularly for health behaviors, and mild and moderate/severe depression among U.S. adults.
| S-EPMC10083895 | biostudies-literature