Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future.

ABSTRACT: Glucose metabolism is normally regulated by a feedback loop including islet β cells and insulin-sensitive tissues, in which tissue sensitivity to insulin affects magnitude of β-cell response. If insulin resistance is present, β cells maintain normal glucose tolerance by increasing insulin output. Only when β cells cannot release sufficient insulin in the presence of insulin resistance do glucose concentrations rise. Although β-cell dysfunction has a clear genetic component, environmental changes play an essential part. Modern research approaches have helped to establish the important role that hexoses, aminoacids, and fatty acids have in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, and the potential role of changes in the microbiome. Several new approaches for treatment have been developed,

SUBMITTER: Kahn SE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4226760 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature