Biologic and clinical significance of androgen receptor variants in castration resistant prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT: As prostate cancer (PCa) progresses to the lethal castration resistant and metastatic form, genetic and epigenetic adaptation, clonal selection, and evolution of the tumor microenvironment contribute to the emergence of unique biological characteristics under the selective pressure of external stresses. These stresses include the therapies applied in the clinic or laboratory and the exposures of cancers to hormonal, paracrine, or autocrine stimuli in the context of the tumor micro- and macro-environment. The androgen receptor (AR) is a key gene involved in PCa etiology and oncogenesis, including disease development, progression, response to initial hormonal therapies, and subsequent resistance to hormonal therapies. Alterations in the AR signaling pathway have been observed in certain sele

SUBMITTER: Ware KE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4277180 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature