Chocolate consumption and risk of diabetes mellitus in the Physicians' Health Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Previous studies reported beneficial effects of cocoa or chocolate on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which are important risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it is unclear whether chocolate consumption is associated with risk of DM.

Objective

We tested the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is inversely associated with incident DM in the Physicians' Health Study (PHS).

Design

We prospectively analyzed data on 18,235 PHS participants who were free of DM at baseline (1997-2001). Chocolate consumption was obtained from a baseline food-frequency questionnaire. Incident DM was ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample by a review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazards

SUBMITTER: Matsumoto C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4307206 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature