Neuroinflammation triggered by β-glucan/dectin-1 signaling enables CNS axon regeneration.

ABSTRACT: Innate immunity can facilitate nervous system regeneration, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial cell wall component, or the fungal cell wall extract zymosan both lead to rapid and comparable intravitreal accumulation of blood-derived myeloid cells. However, when combined with retro-orbital optic nerve crush injury, lengthy growth of severed retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons occurs only in zymosan-injected mice, and not in LPS-injected mice. In mice deficient for the pattern recognition receptor dectin-1 but not Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), zymosan-mediated RGC regeneration is greatly reduced. The combined loss of dectin-1 and TLR2 completely blocks the proregenerative

SUBMITTER: Baldwin KT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4345569 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature