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When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses but do not forget the zebras.

ABSTRACT: We report a case of a 68-year-old man who was admitted to the department of cardiology with increasing abdominal and chest pain during the day. The prehospital ECG showed clear ST segment elevation in inferior leads. The patient was routed directly to the catheterisation laboratory with acute myocardial infarction as a tentative diagnosis. The coronary angiography showed an occluded right coronary artery that was reopened with a plain old balloon angioplasty procedure. After the procedure, the patient was expected to feel better, but the abdominal pain worsened. The following bedside ultrasound examination was quite surprising.

SUBMITTER: Stochholm A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4368934 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses but do not forget the zebras.

Stochholm Anders A Løgstrup Brian Bridal BB

BMJ case reports 20150318

We report a case of a 68-year-old man who was admitted to the department of cardiology with increasing abdominal and chest pain during the day. The prehospital ECG showed clear ST segment elevation in inferior leads. The patient was routed directly to the catheterisation laboratory with acute myocardial infarction as a tentative diagnosis. The coronary angiography showed an occluded right coronary artery that was reopened with a plain old balloon angioplasty procedure. After the procedure, the p ...[more]

PMID: 25791520

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Project description:The satisfaction of leisure horses' behavioral needs has begun to be considered a priority, linked to the awareness that horses kept in single boxes may be deprived of social contact and the possibility to perform natural behaviors. Several factors may influence horses' quality of life also in the paddock, and there are very few data on the effects of those variables on leisure horses' chronic stress, measurable in terms of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Therefore, managerial choices faced by owners and stables managers are only based on experience, common sense, and anecdotal beliefs. This study assessed and compared the chronic stress levels in leisure horses hosted in structures in the same geographic and climatic area with different daily routines to verify which management strategy could be the one that better contributes to achieving the welfare of horses. Forty-seven horses were divided into three groups homogeneous in terms of sex and age: Mixed management group (n = 12), Paddock group (n = 19), and Natural management group (n = 16). The hair cortisol concentration, a reliable marker of long-term stress, was analyzed in all the horses the same day at four time points of the year. In addition to management strategies, the influences of other variables (sex, age, coat color, and season) were evaluated. Independently from the management strategies, significantly higher hair cortisol values were detected in the autumn and summer, as well as in individuals older than 15 years. No significant differences were highlighted between the sexes or the coat colors. The comparison of the different management strategies showed that, in the summer, autumn, and winter, the hair cortisol levels were significantly lower in the Mixed management group horses than the Paddock group, highlighting that those subjects had better homeostasis. The Natural management group horses' hair cortisol levels were intermediate between the other two groups of horses in all the seasons. Spending the night in the stables would seem to positively impact the well-being of the horses. These findings, if confirmed by further studies, may be helpful in enhancing horse welfare and assisting in managerial choice decision-making.

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When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses but do not forget the zebras.

Publications

When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses but do not forget the zebras.

Similar Datasets

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