Dataset Information

Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium.

ABSTRACT: To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies of the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium were combined in a random effects meta-analysis stratified by 5-year age intervals and gender. Participants were excluded if they were identified as having had cataract surgery, retinal detachment, refractive surgery or other factors that might influence refraction. Estimates of refractive error prevalence were obtained including the following classifications: myopia ≤-0.75 diopters (D), high myopia ≤-6D, hyperopia ≥1D and astigmatism ≥1D. Meta-analysis of refractive error was performed for 61,946 individuals from fifteen studies with median age ranging from 44 to 81 and minimal ethnic variation (98 % European ancestry). The age-standardised prevalences (using the 2010 European Standard Population, limited to those ≥25 and <90 years old) were: myopia 30.6 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 30.4-30.9], high myopia 2.7 % (95 % CI 2.69-2.73), hyperopia 25.2 % (95 % CI 25.0-25.4) and astigmatism 23.9 % (95 % CI 23.7-24.1). Age-specific estimates revealed a high prevalence of myopia in younger participants [47.2 % (CI 41.8-52.5) in 25-29 years-olds]. Refractive error affects just over a half of European adults. The greatest burden of refractive error is due to myopia, with high prevalence rates in young adults. Using the 2010 European population estimates, we estimate there are 227.2 million people with myopia across Europe.

SUBMITTER: Williams KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4385146 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium.

Williams Katie M KM Verhoeven Virginie J M VJ Cumberland Phillippa P Bertelsen Geir G Wolfram Christian C Buitendijk Gabriëlle H S GH Hofman Albert A van Duijn Cornelia M CM Vingerling Johannes R JR Kuijpers Robert W A M RW Höhn René R Mirshahi Alireza A Khawaja Anthony P AP Luben Robert N RN Erke Maja Gran MG von Hanno Therese T Mahroo Omar O Hogg Ruth R Gieger Christian C Cougnard-Grégoire Audrey A Anastasopoulos Eleftherios E Bron Alain A Dartigues Jean-François JF Korobelnik Jean-François JF Creuzot-Garcher Catherine C Topouzis Fotis F Delcourt Cécile C Rahi Jugnoo J Meitinger Thomas T Fletcher Astrid A Foster Paul J PJ Pfeiffer Norbert N Klaver Caroline C W CC Hammond Christopher J CJ

European journal of epidemiology 20150318 4

To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies of the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium were combined in a random effects meta-analysis stratified by 5-year age intervals and gender. Participants were excluded if they were identified as having had cataract surgery, retinal detachment, refractive surgery or other factors th ...[more]

PMID: 25784363

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Project description:ImportanceRefractive error remains the largest cause of correctable visual impairment in the US. Correction of refractive error will reduce visual impairment and its associated morbidity but also improve quality of life and productivity.ObjectiveTo determine the burden of and risk factors (RFs) associated with any uncorrected refractive error (UCRE) and unmet refractive need (URN) in a population-based sample of African American adults.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study, conducted from April 2014 to April 2018, included a population-based sample of self-identified African American participants 40 years and older from 30 contiguous census tracts in Inglewood, California. Participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and an in-home-administered questionnaire to assess sociodemographic, lifestyle, biological, medical, and health care and eye care usage RFs associated with UCRE and URN. Measurements of visual acuity (VA) were performed using a standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol. Noncycloplegic automated refraction with supplemental subjective refraction was performed. UCRE was defined as an improvement of 2 or more lines with refraction in the better-seeing eye. URN was defined as an improvement of 2 or more lines with refraction in the better-seeing eye in those persons who were visually impaired. Sex- and age-specific burden of UCRE and URN were calculated, and multiple regression analyses were used to identify independent RFs. Study data were analyzed from May 2018 to December 2023.ExposuresPresence or absence of correctable refractive error.Main outcomes and measuresSelf-reported sex- and age-specific prevalence of and risk indicators of UCRE and URN.ResultsOf the 7957 eligible participants in the African American Eye Disease Study (AFEDS), 6347 (80%) completed both the in-home interview and the clinical examination. Of these, 6337 participants (mean [SD] age, 61 [11] years; 3997 female [63%]) with complete refractive error data were included in the analysis. Refractive error-related correctable visual impairment was present in over two-thirds of participants with visual impairment (68.7%). The overall prevalence of any UCRE was 14.6% (925 of 6337), and the overall prevalence of any URN was 5.4% (URN1 [those with presenting VA of worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye but who could achieve 20/40 or better with correction], 157 of 2893; URN2 [those with presenting VA of worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye but who could achieve an improvement of 2 or more lines with refractive correction], 155 of 2891).Conclusions and relevanceResults of this cross-sectional study suggest a high burden of refractive error-associated correctable refractive error in African American adults, making it the leading cause of visual impairment in this population. Providing universal coverage for vision care and prescription glasses is an affordable and achievable health care intervention that could reduce the burden of visual impairment in African American adults by over two-thirds and likely raise the quality of life and work productivity, especially in this vulnerable minority population.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium.

Publications

Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium.

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