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The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: Study Objectives. To evaluate the effect of mind-body interventions (MBI) on sleep. Methods. We reviewed randomized controlled MBI trials on adults (through 2013) with at least one sleep outcome measure. We searched eleven electronic databases and excluded studies on interventions not considering mind-body medicine. Studies were categorized by type of MBI, whether sleep was primary or secondary outcome measure and outcome type. Results. 1323 abstracts were screened, and 112 papers were included. Overall, 67 (60%) of studies reported a beneficial effect on at least one sleep outcome measure. Of the most common interventions, 13/23 studies using meditation, 21/30 using movement MBI, and 14/25 using relaxation reported at least some improvements in sleep. There were clear risks of bias for many studies reviewed, especially when sleep was not the main focus. Conclusions. MBI should be considered as a treatment option for patients with sleep disturbance. The benefit of MBI needs to be better documented with objective outcomes as well as the mechanism of benefit elucidated. There is some evidence that MBI have a positive benefit on sleep quality. Since sleep has a direct impact on many other health outcomes, future MBI trials should consider including sleep outcome measurements.

SUBMITTER: Neuendorf R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4487927 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review.

Neuendorf Rachel R Wahbeh Helané H Chamine Irina I Yu Jun J Hutchison Kimberly K Oken Barry S BS

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20150616

Study Objectives. To evaluate the effect of mind-body interventions (MBI) on sleep. Methods. We reviewed randomized controlled MBI trials on adults (through 2013) with at least one sleep outcome measure. We searched eleven electronic databases and excluded studies on interventions not considering mind-body medicine. Studies were categorized by type of MBI, whether sleep was primary or secondary outcome measure and outcome type. Results. 1323 abstracts were screened, and 112 papers were included. ...[more]

PMID: 26161128

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Project description:Background: The aim of the present systematic meta-analytical review was to quantify the effects of different mind-body interventions (MBI) involving meditative movements on relevant psychological health outcomes (i.e., quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms, fear of falling (FoF) and sleep quality) in older adults without mental disorders. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in five databases (Ovid, PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science). Inclusion criteria were: (i) the study was a (cluster) randomized controlled trial, (ii) the subjects were aged ≥59 years without mental illnesses, (iii) an intervention arm performing MBI compared to a non-exercise control group (e.g., wait-list or usual care), (iv) psychological health outcomes related to QoL, depressive symptoms, FoF or sleep quality were assessed and (v) a PEDro score of ≥5. The interventions of the included studies were sub-grouped into Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ) and Yoga/Pilates (YP). Statistical analyses were conducted using a random-effects inverse-variance model. Results: Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (comprising 3224 participants) were included. Small to moderate-but-significant overall effect sizes favoring experimental groups (Hedges' g: 0.25 to 0.71) compared to non-exercise control groups were observed in all outcomes (all p values ≤ 0.007), apart from one subdomain of quality of life (i.e., social functioning, p = 0.15). Interestingly, a significant larger effect on QoL and depressive symptoms with increasing training frequency was found for TCQ (p = 0.03; p = 0.004). Conclusions: MBI involving meditative movements may serve as a promising opportunity to improve psychological health domains such as QoL, depressive symptoms, FoF and sleep quality in older adults. Hence, these forms of exercise may represent potential preventive measures regarding the increase of late-life mental disorders, which need to be further confirmed by future research.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common existential concern and source of distress among adults with a cancer history. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined mind-body approaches to mitigating FCR. We summarized characteristics of these trials and calculated their pooled effects on decreasing FCR. METHODS:Six electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to May 2017, using a strategy that included multiple terms for RCTs, cancer, mind-body medicine, and FCR. Data extraction and reporting followed Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Pooled effect sizes on self-report measures of FCR were computed by using random-effects models. RESULTS:Nineteen RCTs (pooled N = 2806) were included. Most studies (53%) were published since 2015 and targeted a single cancer type (84%; mostly breast). Intervention sessions (median = 6, mode = 4) tended to last 120 minutes and occur across 1.5 months. Delivery was predominantly in-person (63%) to either groups (42%) or individuals (42%). Most interventions incorporated multiple mind-body components (53%), commonly cognitive-behavioral skills (58%), or meditative practices (53%). Small-to-medium pooled effect sizes were observed postintervention (Hedges' g = -0.36, 95% CI = -0.49, -0.23, P < .001) and at follow-up assessments (median = 8 months, P < .001). Potential modifiers (control group design, group/individual delivery, use of cognitive-behavioral or mindfulness skills, number of mind-body components, cancer treatment status, and number of sessions) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:Mind-body interventions are efficacious for reducing FCR, with small-to-medium effect sizes that persist after intervention delivery ends. Recommendations include testing effects among survivors of various cancers and exploring the optimal integration of mind-body practices for managing fundamental uncertainties and fears during cancer survivorship.

Project description:This study was the first randomized controlled trial to test if mind-body interventions can improve self-regulation in prisoners with different personality disorders, using a combination of gene expression, neural, and behavioral measures.Thirty prisoners with personality disorders who score high on psychopathy were assigned to a mindfulness intervention (n=10), a yoga intervention (n=10), or a wait-list control group (n=10) using stratified random sampling. Both mindfulness and yoga interventions were held at the same time and lasted three hours per day on five consecutive days. At baseline and after the intervention, we measured inflammation-related gene expression; resting state brain activit with electroencephalography (EEG); risk-taking and attention with cognitive tasks; event-related potentials (ERPs) related to the attention task; and stress, emotion regulation and mindfulness with questionnaires. We expected that both yoga and mindfulness would improve self-regulation (i.e., executive attention, emotion regulation and self-awareness), reduce stress and risk-taking behavior, downregulate inflammatory-related gene expression and increase alpha and theta power. Blood was collected for the analysis of changes in gene expression of 38 genes related to inflammation and the immune system (IL-1 signaling pathway). Venipuncture samples were collected into 10ml EDTA tubes, lysed and frozen at -80°C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted (QiaAmp RNA Blood Mini kit; Qiagen) and tested for suitable mass and integrity (NanoDrop One, Acclaro Sample Intelligence; Thermo Scientific). RNA was then converted to fluorescent cRNA for hybridization to IL-1 signaling pathway plate H96 (Bio-Rad Labs Ltd, UK). Gene expression data were expressed as cycle threshold (CT) values by calculating 2−ΔΔCT, and referencing to the geomean of all genes because endogenous control genes that are supposed to have constant levels of expression were not stable in this case. After normalizing 2−ΔΔCT to the wait-list control group median, the data were imported into SPSS and analyzed by group allocation based on change scores of each normalized 2−ΔΔCT. Intent-to-treat (ITT) principles were used for all the analyses. Post-intervention missing data was handled by running multiple imputations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant and Bonferroni correction was implemented to adjust for multiple comparisons (i.e., <.02 was considered significant in individual 2-group comparisons). The data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS 24.0 software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS Inc., 237 Chicago, IL). The effectiveness of interventions was tested by calculating changes scores and running non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for K independent samples because the assumptions for ANOVA were not met. If there was a significant difference detected, it was followed with Mann-Whitney U test 240 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test to determine specific group differences. Additionally, eta squared was used as a measure of effect size to determine the proportion of variability in outcomes that can be explained by group membership.We found no significant changes in gene expression or any other measures.

Project description:Mind-Body Physical Activity (MBPA) in educational settings is one possible preventive strategy for ameliorating stress-related physiological health parameters. The objectives of this study were to conduct a systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses on the effects of MBPA on stress-related physiological health markers in primary, secondary, and higher education students. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the search for peer-reviewed articles published in English was conducted in PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Criteria for inclusion consisted of empirical studies targeting the student population (primary, secondary, higher education), studies examining the effectiveness of an MBPA intervention, studies including a control or comparison group (pre-test/post-test studies excluded), studies targeting physiological marker outcomes such as heart rate, blood glucose, cortisol, and blood pressure, and finally, studies examining interventions implemented within educational settings. Twenty-six interventions were eligible for the review and quantitative synthesis, which comprised a total of 1625 participants, with 783 students serving within the control/comparison group. There were statistically significant and large pooled effects for MBPA effectiveness for lowering heart rate (Hedges' g = -1.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -2.43, -0.98), cortisol (Hedges' g = -1.32, 95% CI: -2.50, -0.16), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Hedges' g = -1.04, 95% CI: -1.53, -0.58). These effects tended to be stronger in older students compared to younger students. Most analyses were characterized as having high heterogeneity and only 10 of the 26 studies were characterized as good quality (38.4%). MBPA interventions may have a positive impact on specific physiological health markers in students, especially in students within higher education. However, higher-quality research is needed in this area.

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The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review.

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The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review.

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