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Building a Social Network One Choice at a Time.

ABSTRACT: Newcomers to a social network show preferential attachment, a tendency to befriend those with many friends. Here, we show that preferential attachment is equivalent to a form of 'probability matching' commonly found in studies of decision-making. This equivalence, whereby newcomers probability match to a social signal akin to popularity, marries network science to the study of decision-making and raises new questions about how individual psychology impacts the social structure of groups. We asked people to view a visualization of a social network and to select group members whom they would like to meet and befriend. People varied in how strongly they weighed popularity and this was mildly correlated with aspects of their personality. Individual differences in preferential attachment affect the structure and connectivity of the network that emerges.

SUBMITTER: Suchow JW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4505962 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Building a Social Network One Choice at a Time.

Suchow Jordan W JW

PloS one 20150717 7

Newcomers to a social network show preferential attachment, a tendency to befriend those with many friends. Here, we show that preferential attachment is equivalent to a form of 'probability matching' commonly found in studies of decision-making. This equivalence, whereby newcomers probability match to a social signal akin to popularity, marries network science to the study of decision-making and raises new questions about how individual psychology impacts the social structure of groups. We aske ...[more]

PMID: 26186607

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Project description:Molecular layer deposition (MLD) provides the opportunity to perform condensation polymerization one vaporized monomer at a time for the creation of precise, selective nanofilms for desalination membranes. Here, we compare the structure, chemistry, and morphology of two types of commercial interfacial polymerzation (IP) membranes with lab-made MLD films. M-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) produced a cross-linked, aromatic polyamide often used in reverse osmosis membranes at MLD growth rates of 2.9 Å/cycle at 115 °C. Likewise, piperazine (PIP) and TMC formed polypiperazine amide, a common selective layer in nanofiltration membranes, with MLD growth rates of 1.5 Å/cycle at 115 °C. Ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity results suggest that the surface of the MLD films is comprised of polymer segments roughly two monomers in length, which are connected at one end to the cross-linked bulk layer. As a result of this structure as well as the triple-functionality of TMC, MPD-TMC had a temperature window of stable growth rate from 115 to 150 °C, which is unlike any non-cross-linked MLD chemistries reported in the literature. Compared to IP films, corresponding MLD films were denser and morphologically conformal, which suggests a reduction in void volumes; this explains the high degree of salt rejection and reduced flux previously observed for exceptionally thin MPD-TMC MLD membranes. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, MLD PIP-TMC films evidenced a completely cross-linked internal structure, which lacked amine and carboxyl groups, pointing to a hydrophobic bulk structure, ideal for optimized water flux. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering showed broad features in each polyamide with d-spacings of 5.0 Å in PIP-TMC compared to that of 3.8 Å in MPD-TMC. While MLD and IP films were structurally identical to PIP-TMC, MPD-TMC IP films had a structure that may have been altered by post-treatment compared to MLD films. These results provide foundational insights into the MLD process, structure-performance relationships, and membrane fabrication.

Dataset Information

Building a Social Network One Choice at a Time.

Publications

Building a Social Network One Choice at a Time.

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