Correction: Introgression of the SbASR-1 Gene Cloned from a Halophyte Salicornia brachiata Enhances Salinity and Drought Endurance in Transgenic Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and Acts as a Transcription Factor.
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SUBMITTER: PLOS ONE Staff
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4529166 | biostudies-literature | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Correction: Introgression of the SbASR-1 Gene Cloned from a Halophyte Salicornia brachiata Enhances Salinity and Drought Endurance in Transgenic Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and Acts as a Transcription Factor.
PloS one 20150807 8
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Project description:The SbASR-1 gene, cloned from a halophyte Salicornia brachiata, encodes a plant-specific hydrophilic and stress responsive protein. The genome of S. brachiata has two paralogs of the SbASR-1 gene (2549 bp), which is comprised of a single intron of 1611 bp, the largest intron of the abscisic acid stress ripening [ASR] gene family yet reported. In silico analysis of the 843-bp putative promoter revealed the presence of ABA, biotic stress, dehydration, phytohormone, salinity, and sugar responsive cis-regulatory motifs. The SbASR-1 protein belongs to Group 7 LEA protein family with different amino acid composition compared to their glycophytic homologs. Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) was found on the C-terminal end of protein and localization study confirmed that SbASR-1 is a nuclear protein. Furthermore, transgenic groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) plants over-expressing the SbASR-1 gene constitutively showed enhanced salinity and drought stress tolerance in the T1 generation. Leaves of transgenic lines exhibited higher chlorophyll and relative water contents and lower electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, proline, sugars, and starch accumulation under stress treatments than wild-type (Wt) plants. Also, lower accumulation of H2O2 and O2.- radicals was detected in transgenic lines compared to Wt plants under stress conditions. Transcript expression of APX (ascorbate peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) genes were higher in Wt plants, whereas the SOD (superoxide dismutase) transcripts were higher in transgenic lines under stress. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that the SbASR-1 protein binds at the consensus sequence (C/G/A)(G/T)CC(C/G)(C/G/A)(A/T). Based on results of the present study, it may be concluded that SbASR-1 enhances the salinity and drought stress tolerance in transgenic groundnut by functioning as a LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein and a transcription factor.
| S-EPMC4497679 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A study was performed using 6 × 6 F1 diallel population without reciprocals to assess the mode of inheritance of pod yield and related traits in groundnut with imposed salinity stress. Heterosis was found for pod number and yield. Data on general and specific combining ability (gca and sca) indicated additive and nonadditive gene actions. The gca: sca ratios were much less than unity suggesting predominant role of nonadditive gene effects. Cultivars "Binachinabadam-2" and "Dacca-1" and mutant M6/25/64-82 had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod number, as well as gca values, respectively. These two cultivars and another mutant M6/15/70-19 also had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod yield, as well as gca values, respectively. Therefore, "Dacca-1", "Binachinabadam-2", M6/25/64-82, and M6/15/70-19 could be used as source of salinity tolerance. Cross combinations showing high sca effects arising from parents with high and low gca values for any trait indicate the influence of nonadditive genes on their expression. Parents of these crosses can be used for biparental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection for developing high yielding varieties. Crosses with high sca effects having both parents with good gca effects could be exploited by pedigree breeding to get transgressive segregants.
| S-EPMC3967799 | biostudies-other
Project description:Improving the quality and shelf life of groundnut oil is one of the foremost objectives of groundnut breeding programmes. This can be achieved by marker-assisted introgression, a technique that efficiently and precisely enables breeders to develop plants with enhanced qualities. This study focused on improving the oleic acid content of an elite groundnut variety, TMV 7, by introgressing a recessive mutation responsible for the increase in oleic acid from ICG 15419. Hybridization was performed between the donor and recurrent parents to develop the F1, BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2 populations. Introgressed lines with increased oleic acid in the genetic background of TMV 7 were identified using allele-specific marker, F435-F, F435SUB-R and a set of SSR markers were employed to recover the genome of the recurrent parent. With two backcrosses, a total of ten homozygous plants in the BC2F2 population were identified with oleic acid content ranging from 54.23 to 57.72% causing an increase of 36% over the recurrent parent. Among the ten lines, the line IL-23 exhibited the highest level of recurrent parent genome recovery of 91.12%. The phenotypic evaluation of 10 homozygous introgressed lines indicated fewer differences for all other traits under study compared to the recurrent parent, except for oleic acid and linoleic acid content confirming the genetic background of the recurrent parent. The identified lines will be subjected to multilocation trials before their commercial release.
| S-EPMC11290006 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As there was no maximum permissible limit prescription for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Ethiopia, this study has been conducted to generate data on AFB1 levels in Ethiopian groundnut accessions/landraces. Besides, an attempt was made to find out if there is any relationship between AFB1 and other parameters such as altitude of cultivation, individual seed weight, kernel colonization by Aspergillus flavus, total carbohydrates, protein and total free amino acids. Out of the 28 accessions studied, merely six accessions registered ≤2 ppb AFB1 and thus, they comply with maximum permissible limit set by European Union. Altitude of cultivation had no relationship with AFB1 levels. Interestingly, total carbohydrates in the seeds as well as kernel colonization by A. flavus showed statistically significant (p < 0.01) positive relationships with AFB1 levels. It is suggested to use kernel colonization measurement as an alternative to the expensive ELISA based AFB1 measurement. Besides, suitable pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin management strategies should be developed to alleviate the AFB1 levels in Ethiopian groundnut.
| S-EPMC11327584 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Diversity assessment of 94 groundnut accessions from Togo and Senegal, using agro-morphological and SNP markers, revealed high variability for many quantitative traits such as late leaf spot (LLS) incidence, number of pods per plant and yield per plant. For qualitative traits, the Simpson Index showed high diversity for primary seed colour (0.75), stem pigmentation (0.60), and Growth habit (0.59). Principal component analysis underscored quantitative traits such as hundred seed weight, days to maturity, and LLS incidence, as the main traits contributing to the divergence. Correlation and path coefficient analysis showed that the number of pods per plant was the main yield-related trait positively affecting yield (r = 0.95, PC = 0.84; p = 0.01). Overall, 990 SNP markers revealed moderate genetic variability in the genotypes and the percentage of heterozygous genotypes varied from 0 to 50% for all loci. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that only 1.1% of the total molecular variance accounted for geographical contribution to the diversity. Co-analysis of phenotypic and SNP data delineated three clusters harbouring useful alleles and interesting phenotypic features such as LLS resistance, large number of pods per plant and early maturity indicating that differences observed at the phenotypic level are underlined by genotypic differences. The phenotypic and genotypic diversity observed could be exploited for the identification of parents with preferred traits for use in the breeding program. However, the low population structure highlights the necessity to improve groundnut diversity in Togo through introduction from various sources.
| S-EPMC7326882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plant resistance to salinity stress is one of the main challenges of agriculture. The comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in plant tolerance to salinity can help to contrast crop losses due to high salt conditions in soil. In this study, Salicornia brachiata and Suaeda maritima, two plants with capacity to adapt to high salinity levels, were investigated at proteome level to highlight the key processes involved in their tolerance to NaCl. With this purpose, plants were treated with 200 mM NaCl as optimal concentration and 500 mM NaCl as a moderate stressing concentration for 14 days. Indeed, 200 mM NaCl did not result in an evident stress condition for both species, although photosynthesis was affected (with a general up accumulation of photosynthesis-related proteins in S. brachiata under salinity). Our findings indicate a coordinated response to salinity in both the halophytes considered, under NaCl conditions. In addition to photosynthesis, heat shock proteins and peroxidase, expansins, signaling processes, and modulation of transcription/translation were affected by salinity. Interestingly, our results suggested distinct mechanisms of tolerance to salinity between the two species considered, with S. brachiata likely having a more efficient mechanism of response to NaCl.
| S-EPMC7076546 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSoil salinity adversely affects plant growth and development and disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis resulting cellular toxicity. The Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes a plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that plays an important role in imparting salt stress tolerance to plants. Here, we report the cloning and characterisation of the SbSOS1 gene from Salicornia brachiata, an extreme halophyte.ResultsThe SbSOS1 gene is 3774 bp long and encodes a protein of 1159 amino acids. SbSOS1 exhibited a greater level of constitutive expression in roots than in shoots and was further increased by salt stress. Overexpressing the S. brachiata SbSOS1 gene in tobacco conferred high salt tolerance, promoted seed germination and increased root length, shoot length, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, K(+)/Na(+) ratio, membrane stability index, soluble sugar, proline and amino acid content relative to wild type (WT) plants. Transgenic plants exhibited reductions in electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA content in response to salt stress, which probably occurred because of reduced cytosolic Na(+) content and oxidative damage. At higher salt stress, transgenic tobacco plants exhibited reduced Na(+) content in root and leaf and higher concentrations in stem and xylem sap relative to WT, which suggests a role of SbSOS1 in Na(+) loading to xylem from root and leaf tissues. Transgenic lines also showed increased K(+) and Ca(2+) content in root tissue compared to WT, which reflect that SbSOS1 indirectly affects the other transporters activity.ConclusionsOverexpression of SbSOS1 in tobacco conferred a high degree of salt tolerance, enhanced plant growth and altered physiological and biochemical parameters in response to salt stress. In addition to Na(+) efflux outside the plasma membrane, SbSOS1 also helps to maintain variable Na(+) content in different organs and also affect the other transporters activity indirectly. These results broaden the role of SbSOS1 in planta and suggest that this gene could be used to develop salt-tolerant transgenic crops.
| S-EPMC3548769 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients and a major factor limiting crop productivity. To meet the requirements of sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixation in different crop species. Legumes are able to establish root nodule symbiosis (RNS) with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria which are collectively called rhizobia. This mutualistic association is highly specific, and each rhizobia species/strain interacts with only a specific group of legumes, and vice versa. Nodulation involves multiple phases of interactions ranging from initial bacterial attachment and infection establishment to late nodule development, characterized by a complex molecular signalling between plants and rhizobia. Characteristically, legumes like groundnut display a bacterial invasion strategy popularly known as "crack-entry'' mechanism, which is reported approximately in 25% of all legumes. This article accommodates critical discussions on the bacterial infection mode, dynamics of nodulation, components of symbiotic signalling pathway, and also the effects of abiotic stresses and phytohormone homeostasis related to the root nodule symbiosis of groundnut and Bradyrhizobium. These parameters can help to understand how groundnut RNS is programmed to recognize and establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, adjusting gene expression in response to various regulations. This review further attempts to emphasize the current understanding of advancements regarding RNS research in the groundnut and speculates on prospective improvement possibilities in addition to ways for expanding it to other crops towards achieving sustainable agriculture and overcoming environmental challenges.
| S-EPMC7076665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe quality of groundnut produce is adversely impacted due to aflatoxin contamination by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Although the transcriptomic control is not fully understood, the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in regulating A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination remains unclear. This study was carried out to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) to enhance the understanding of in vitro seed colonization (IVSC) resistance mechanism in groundnut.ResultIn this study, resistant (J 11) and susceptible (JL 24) varieties of groundnut were treated with toxigenic A. flavus (strain AF-11-4), and total RNA was extracted at 1 day after inoculation (1 DAI), 2 DAI, 3 DAI and 7 DAI. Seeds of JL 24 showed higher mycelial growth than J 11 at successive days after inoculation. A total of 208 known miRNAs belonging to 36 miRNA families, with length varying from 20-24 nucleotides, were identified, along with 27 novel miRNAs, with length varying from 20-22 nucleotides. Using psRNATarget server, 952 targets were identified for all the miRNAs. The targeted genes function as disease resistant proteins encoding, auxin responsive proteins, squamosa promoter binding like proteins, transcription factors, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins and growth regulating factors. Through differential expression analysis, seven miRNAs (aly-miR156d-3p, csi-miR1515a, gma-miR396e, mtr-miR2118, novo-miR-n27, ptc-miR482d-3p and ppe-miR396a) were found common among 1 DAI, 2 DAI, 3 DAI and 7 DAI in J 11, whereas ten miRNAs (csi-miR159a-5p, csi-miR164a-3p, novo-miR-n17, novo-miR-n2, osa-miR162b, mtr-miR2118, ptc-miR482d-3p, ptc-miR167f-3p, stu-miR319-3p and zma-miR396b-3p) were found common among 1 DAI, 2 DAI, 3 DAI and 7 DAI in JL 24. Two miRNAs, ptc-miR482d-3p and mtr-miR2118, showed contrasting expression at different time intervals between J 11 and JL 24. These two miRNAs were found to target those genes with NBS-LRR function, making them potential candidates for marker development in groundnut breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance against A. flavus infection.ConclusionThis study enhances our understanding of the involvement of two miRNAs namely, ptc-miR482d-3p and mtr-miR2118, along with their NBS-LRR targets, in conferring resistance against A. flavus-induced aflatoxin contamination in groundnut under in vitro conditions.
| S-EPMC11917013 | biostudies-literature