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Analytical solution for vacuum preloading considering the nonlinear distribution of horizontal permeability within the smear zone.

ABSTRACT: The vacuum preloading is an effective method which is widely used in ground treatment. In consolidation analysis, the soil around prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) is traditionally divided into smear zone and undisturbed zone, both with constant permeability. In reality, the permeability of soil changes continuously within the smear zone. In this study, the horizontal permeability coefficient of soil within the smear zone is described by an exponential function of radial distance. A solution for vacuum preloading consolidation considers the nonlinear distribution of horizontal permeability within the smear zone is presented and compared with previous analytical results as well as a numerical solution, the results show that the presented solution correlates well with the numerical solution, and is more precise than previous analytical solution.

SUBMITTER: Peng J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4598007 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Analytical solution for vacuum preloading considering the nonlinear distribution of horizontal permeability within the smear zone.

Peng Jie J He Xiang X Ye Hanming H

PloS one 20151008 10

The vacuum preloading is an effective method which is widely used in ground treatment. In consolidation analysis, the soil around prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) is traditionally divided into smear zone and undisturbed zone, both with constant permeability. In reality, the permeability of soil changes continuously within the smear zone. In this study, the horizontal permeability coefficient of soil within the smear zone is described by an exponential function of radial distance. A solution fo ...[more]

PMID: 26447973

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Project description:BackgroundSputum smear conversion is a key indicator of treatment response and reduced infectivity among bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. This study aimed at estimating sputum smear conversion and identifying factors hindering sputum smear conversion among bacteriologically confirmed PTB cases in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 282 bacteriologically confirmed PTB patients were followed for 22 weeks through weekly sputum smear examination. Due to the absence of sputum culture and rapid diagnostic services, sputum smear conversion evaluation was conducted microscopically using acid-fast-bacilli staining technique of sediments from a 5% sodium hypochlorite concentration technique. Data on socio-demographic, clinical profile and personal behavior variables were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Various descriptive statistics including mean, median with interquartile range (IQR), and proportions were computed to describe study objectives. Factors of sputum smear conversion were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis and statistical significance was determined at a p value < 0.05.ResultsOver half, 166 (59%) of bacteriologically confirmed PTB patients were males and 147 (52%) were rural dwellers. The mean age of respondents was 35 ± 5 SD years. About 88 (31.2%) of bacteriologically confirmed PTB patients had comorbidities, 102 (36.2%) faced stigma, and 54 (19%) history of cigarette smoking. The median sputum smear conversions during the intensive phase and 5th months of treatment follow up were 35 dyas (IQR: 21-56 days) and 53 days (IQR: 28-82 days), respectuvely. The majority, 85% (95% CI 76-93%) and 95% (95% CI 85-99%) of bacteriologically confirmed PTB patients underwent sputum smear conversion at the end of 2nd and 5th months of treatment, respectively. Poor knowledge on TB, being HIV positive, higher smear grading, having diabetes mellitus, undernutrition, cigarette smoking, facing societal stigma, and TB service delays were positively associated with the length of sputum smear conversion (p value < 0.05).ConclusionBased on this study, the median sputum smear conversion time was higher compared to TB program expectations and findings from former studies. The study also identified important factors associated with sputum smear conversion time. Improving health literacy of the community by revising the existing community awareness strategies is essential to enhance treatment adherence and lower infectiousness after treatment initiation.

Dataset Information

Analytical solution for vacuum preloading considering the nonlinear distribution of horizontal permeability within the smear zone.

Publications

Analytical solution for vacuum preloading considering the nonlinear distribution of horizontal permeability within the smear zone.

Similar Datasets

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