Parental smoke exposure and the development of nicotine craving in adolescent novice smokers: the roles of DRD2, DRD4, and OPRM1 genotypes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Among adolescent novice smokers, craving is often the first, and is the most reported, symptom of nicotine dependence. Until now, little has been known about the development of craving symptoms in novice smokers. The aim of this study was to identify specific genetic (i.e., DRD2 Taq1A, DRD4 48 bp VNTR, and OPRM1 A118G polymorphisms) and environmental mechanisms that underlie the emergence of both cue-induced and cognitive craving among adolescent novice smokers.

Method

A five-wave longitudinal, genetically-informed survey study was conducted with intervals of four months. The sample included 376 early adolescent smokers (12-13 years of age at baseline). Self-report questionnaires were completed regarding smoking behavior, observed parental smoking behavior, and bo

SUBMITTER: Kleinjan M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4599744 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature