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Anti-atherosclerotic therapy based on botanicals.

ABSTRACT: Natural products including botanicals for both therapy of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis and reduction of atherosclerosis risk factors are topics of recent patents. Only a few recent patents are relevant to the direct antiatherosclerotic therapy leading to regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier, using a cellular model we have developed and patented several anti-atherosclerotic drugs. The AMAR (Atherosclerosis Monitoring and Atherogenicity Reduction) study was designed to estimate the effect of two-year treatment with time-released garlic-based drug Allicor on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in 196 asymptomatic men aged 40-74 in double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical study. The primary outcome was the rate of atherosclerosis progression, measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography as the increase in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of the far wall of common carotid arteries. The mean rate of IMT changes in Allicor-treated group (-0.022±0.007 mm per year) was significantly different (P = 0.002) from the placebo group in which there was a moderate progression of 0.015±0.008 mm at the overall mean baseline IMT of 0.931±0.009 mm. A significant correlation was found between the changes in blood serum atherogenicity (the ability of serum to induce cholesterol accumulation in cultured cells) during the study and the changes in intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (r = 0.144, P = 0.045). Thus, the results of AMAR study demonstrate that long-term treatment with Allicor has a direct anti-atherosclerotic effect on carotid atherosclerosis and this effect is likely to be due to serum atherogenicity inhibition. The beneficial effects of other botanicals including Inflaminat (calendula, elder and violet), phytoestrogen- rich Karinat (garlic powder, extract of grape seeds, green tea leafs, hop cones, ?-carotene, ?-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) on atherosclerosis have also been revealed in clinical studies which enforces a view that botanicals might represent promising drugs for anti-atherosclerotic therapy.

SUBMITTER: Orekhov AN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4637943 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anti-atherosclerotic therapy based on botanicals.

Orekhov Alexander N AN Sobenin Igor A IA Korneev Nikolay V NV Kirichenko Tatyana V TV Myasoedova Veronika A VA Melnichenko Alexandra A AA Balcells Mercedes M Edelman Elazer R ER Bobryshev Yuri V YV

Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery 20130401 1

Natural products including botanicals for both therapy of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis and reduction of atherosclerosis risk factors are topics of recent patents. Only a few recent patents are relevant to the direct antiatherosclerotic therapy leading to regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier, using a cellular model we have developed and patented several anti-atherosclerotic drugs. The AMAR (Atherosclerosis Monitoring and Atherogenicity Reduction) study was designed to esti ...[more]

PMID: 23176379

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Project description:Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is one of the major challenges in cancer treatment. Ayurveda-based immunomodulatory botanicals Asparagus racemosus Willd (AR/Shatavari) and Withania somnifera (L.). Dunal (WS/Ashwagandha) have potential role to manage myelosuppression. We have developed a method to study the effects of AR and WS as therapeutic adjuvants to counter paclitaxel (PTX)-induced myelosuppression. Sixty female BALB/c mice were divided into six groups-vehicle control (VC), PTX alone, PTX with aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of AR (ARA, ARH) and WS (WSA, WSH). The myelosuppression was induced in mice by intraperitoneal administration of PTX at 25 mg/kg dose for three consecutive days. The extracts were orally administered with a dose of 100 mg/kg for 15 days prior to the induction with PTX administration. The mice were observed daily for morbidity parameters and were bled from retro-orbital plexus after 2 days of PTX dosing. The morbidity parameters simulate clinical adverse effects of PTX that include activity (extreme tiredness due to fatigue), behavior (numbness and weakness due to peripheral neuropathy), body posture (pain in muscles and joints), fur aspect and huddling (hair loss). The collected samples were used for blood cell count analysis and cytokine profiling using Bio-Plex assay. The PTX alone group showed a reduction in total leukocyte and neutrophil counts (4,800 ± 606; 893 ± 82) when compared with a VC group (9,183 ± 1,043; 1,612 ± 100) respectively. Pre-administration of ARA, ARH, WSA, and WSH extracts normalized leukocyte counts (10,000 ± 707; 9,166 ± 1,076; 10,333 ± 1,189; 9,066 ± 697) and neutrophil counts (1,482 ± 61; 1,251 ± 71; 1,467 ± 121; 1,219 ± 134) respectively. Additionally, higher morbidity score in PTX group (7.4 ± 0.7) was significantly restricted by ARA (4.8 ± 1.1), ARH (5.1 ± 0.6), WSA (4.5 ± 0.7), and WSH (5 ± 0.8). (Data represented in mean ± SD). The extracts also significantly modulated 20 cytokines to evade PTX-induced leukopenia, neutropenia, and morbidity. The AR and WS extracts significantly prevented PTX-induced myelosuppression (p < 0.0001) and morbidity signs (p < 0.05) by modulating associated cytokines. The results indicate AR and WS as therapeutic adjuvants in cancer management.

Project description:BackgroundIntracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is a non-marginal cause of stroke/transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and is associated with high stroke recurrence rate. Some studies have investigated the best secondary prevention ranging from antithrombotic therapy to endovascular treatment (ET). However, no direct comparison between all the possible treatments is currently available especially between single and dual anti-platelet therapies (SAPT and DAPT).AimTo establish whether DAPT is more effective than SAPT in preventing the recurrence of ICAS-related stroke, by means of a network meta-analysis (NMA).DesignSystematic review and NMA in accordance to PRISMA guidelines.Data sources and methodsWe performed a systematic review of trials investigating secondary prevention (SAPT or DAPT, anticoagulant treatment or ET) in patients with symptomatic ICAS available in MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1989 to May 2021. We defined our primary efficacy outcome as the recurrence of ischemic stroke/TIA. We analysed the extracted data with Bayesian NMA approach.ResultsWe identified 815 studies and included 5 trials in the NMA. Sequence generation was adequate in all the selected studies while the allocation concealment method was described in one study. All the included studies reported the pre-specified primary outcomes, and outcome assessment was blinded in all the studies. We used the fixed-effect approach as the heterogeneity was not significant (p > 0.1) according to the Cochran's Q statistic. DAPT was superior to SAPT and DAPT + ET in preventing stroke/TIA recurrence [respectively, odds ratio (OR), 0.59; confidence interval (CI), 0.39-0.9; and OR, 0.49, CI, 0.26-0.88], while no difference was found between DAPT and oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC). DAPT was safer than OAC (OR, 0.48; CI, 0.26-0.89) and DAPT + ET (OR, 0.50; CI, 0.35-0.71), while no difference was found between DAPT and SAPT.ConclusionDAPT is more effective than SAPT for secondary stroke prevention in patients with symptomatic ICAS, without increasing the risk of haemorrhage.RegistrationProspero/CRD42019140033.

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Anti-atherosclerotic therapy based on botanicals.

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Anti-atherosclerotic therapy based on botanicals.

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