Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales.

ABSTRACT: Six imposex surveys in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) have been conducted over the past two decades to assess legislation effectiveness controlling the use of tri-butyl tin (TBT) by the maritime shipping industry. This study firstly analysed the results of the 2014 survey and secondly carried out a trend assessment of the same 88 sampled sites between 1997 and 2014 of which 65 showed statistically significant reductions. To highlight the magnitude of change, the Vas Deferens Sequence stages (VDS) of the same 56 sites sampled in 1997 and 2010 showed that the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) reduced statistically significantly from 2.89 and 0.42, respectively. These data confirm that the legislation enacted, latterly through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) during 2003 to 200

SUBMITTER: Nicolaus EE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4641150 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature