BRAF Inhibition Generates a Host-Tumor Niche that Mediates Therapeutic Escape.

ABSTRACT: The current study defines a fibroblast-derived niche that facilitates the therapeutic escape of melanoma cells from BRAF inhibition. Vemurafenib treatment led to the release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from the melanoma cells that increased the differentiation state of the fibroblasts, an affect associated with fibronectin deposition, increase in α-smooth muscle actin expression, and the release of neuregulin (NRG). At the same time, vemurafenib directly activated the fibroblasts through paradoxical stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, causing them to secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Treatment with the BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination reversed the release of HGF. Adhesion of melanoma cells to fibronectin was critical in amplifying the fibroblast-der

SUBMITTER: Fedorenko IV 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4648653 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature