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Support Immersion Endoscopy in Post-Extraction Alveolar Bone Chambers: A New Window for Microscopic Bone Imaging In Vivo.

ABSTRACT: Using an endoscopic approach, small intraoral bone chambers, which are routinely obtained during tooth extraction and implantation, provide visual in vivo access to internal bone structures. The aim of the present paper is to present a new method to quantify bone microstructure and vascularisation in vivo. Ten extraction sockets and 6 implant sites in 14 patients (6 men / 8 women) were examined by support immersion endoscopy (SIE). After tooth extraction or implant site preparation, microscopic bone analysis (MBA) was performed using short distance SIE video sequences of representative bone areas for off-line analysis with ImageJ. Quantitative assessment of the microstructure and vascularisation of the bone in dental extraction and implant sites in vivo was performed using ImageJ. MBA revealed bone morphology details such as unmineralised and mineralised areas, vascular canals and the presence of bleeding through vascular canals. Morphometric examination revealed that there was more unmineralised bone and less vascular canal area in the implant sites than in the extraction sockets.

SUBMITTER: Engelke W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4695096 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Support Immersion Endoscopy in Post-Extraction Alveolar Bone Chambers: A New Window for Microscopic Bone Imaging In Vivo.

Engelke Wilfried W Lazzarini Marcio M Stühmer Walter W Beltrán Víctor V

PloS one 20151229 12

Using an endoscopic approach, small intraoral bone chambers, which are routinely obtained during tooth extraction and implantation, provide visual in vivo access to internal bone structures. The aim of the present paper is to present a new method to quantify bone microstructure and vascularisation in vivo. Ten extraction sockets and 6 implant sites in 14 patients (6 men / 8 women) were examined by support immersion endoscopy (SIE). After tooth extraction or implant site preparation, microscopic ...[more]

PMID: 26713617

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Project description:Biomimetic nanocrystalline apatites analogous to bone mineral can be prepared using soft chemistry. Due to their high similarity to bone apatite, as opposed to stoichiometric hydroxyapatite for example, they now represent an appealing class of compounds to produce bioactive ceramics for which drug delivery and ion exchange abilities have been described extensively. However, immersion in aqueous media of dried non-carbonated biomimetic apatite crystals may generate an acidification event, which is often disregarded and not been clarified to-date. Yet, this acidification process could limit their further development if it is not understood and overcome if necessary. This may, for example, alter biological test outcomes, during their evaluation as bone repair materials, due to potentially deleterious effects of the acidic environment on cells, especially in in vitro static conditions. In this study, we explore the origins of this acidification phenomenon based on complementary experimental data and we point out the central role of the hydrated ionic layer present on apatite nanocrystals. We then propose a practical strategy to circumvent this acidification effect using an adequate post-precipitation equilibration step that was optimized. Using this enutralization protocol, we then showed the possibility of performing (micro)biological assessments on such compounds and provide an illustration with the examples of post-equilibrated Cu2+- and Ag+-doped nanocrystalline apatites. We demonstrate their non-cytotoxicity to osteoblast cells and their antibacterial features as tested versus five major pathogens involved in bone infections, therefore pointing to their relevance in the field of antibacterial bone substitutes. The preliminary in vivo implantation of a relevant sample in a rat's calvarial defect confirmed its biocompatibility and the absence of adverse reaction. Understanding and eliminating this technical barrier should help promoting biomimetic apatites as a genuine new class of biomaterial-producing compounds for bone regeneration applications, e.g., with antibacterial features, far from being solely considered as "laboratory curiosities".

Dataset Information

Support Immersion Endoscopy in Post-Extraction Alveolar Bone Chambers: A New Window for Microscopic Bone Imaging In Vivo.

Publications

Support Immersion Endoscopy in Post-Extraction Alveolar Bone Chambers: A New Window for Microscopic Bone Imaging In Vivo.

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