HemaSpot, a Novel Blood Storage Device for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Testing.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Brooks K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4702722 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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HemaSpot, a Novel Blood Storage Device for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Testing.
Brooks K K DeLong A A Balamane M M Schreier L L Orido M M Chepkenja M M Kemboi E E D'Antuono M M Chan P A PA Emonyi W W Diero L L Coetzer M M Kantor R R
Journal of clinical microbiology 20151111 1
HemaSpot, a novel dried-blood storage filter device, was used for HIV-1 pol resistance testing in 30 fresh United States blood samples and 54 previously frozen Kenyan blood samples. Genotyping succeeded in 79% and 58% of samples, respectively, improved with shorter storage and higher viral load, and had good (86%) resistance mutation concordance to plasma. ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundThe Department of Health and Human Services HIV-1 Treatment Guidelines recommend drug resistance testing in HIV-1 RNA to guide the selection of antiretroviral therapy in patients with viremia. However, resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in HIV-1 RNA may reflect only the patient's current regimen and can be lost during prolonged absence of therapy. We determined if HIV-1 DNA testing can provide drug resistance information beyond that identified in contemporaneous plasma virus.MethodsThis was a retrospective database review of results obtained for patients with viremia for whom commercial HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA drug resistance testing was ordered on the same day. Resistance-associated mutations and drug susceptibility calls were compared between paired tests, and the effect of HIV-1 viral load (VL) on test concordance was assessed using Spearmen's rho correlation.ResultsAmong 124 paired tests, more RAMs were identified in HIV-1 DNA in 63 (50.8%) cases, and in HIV-1 RNA in 11 (8.87%) cases. HIV-1 DNA testing captured all contemporaneous plasma virus RAMs in 101/117 (86.3%) cases and identified additional RAMs in 63/117 (53.8%) cases. There was a significant positive correlation between the viral load at the time of resistance testing and the percentage of plasma virus RAMs detected in HIV-1 DNA (rs = 0.317; P < .001). In 67 test pairs demonstrating pan-sensitive plasma virus, resistance in HIV-1 DNA was seen in 13 (19.4%) cases.ConclusionsHIV-1 DNA testing identified more resistance than HIV-1 RNA testing in most patients with viremia and may be informative in patients whose plasma virus reverts to wild-type following therapy discontinuation.
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Project description:Monitoring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance is critical for assessing ART effectiveness and treatment outcomes for HIV-1-infected individuals, including children, worldwide. Traditionally, testing for HIV-1 drug resistance has primarily been performed on plasma samples, and with commercially available, clinically validated assays that are costly and difficult to access. While plasma is the preferred sample for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping, plasma analysis requires sophisticated laboratory equipment, personnel, space, and stringent storage conditions for maintenance of sample integrity and transport. With the limitations in feasibility and affordability of providing these ideal conditions for plasma genotyping in resource-constrained settings, the field has gained substantial experience with the dried blood spot (DBS) technique as an alternative. Moreover, DBS analysis can be used to comprehensively monitor the spread of the epidemic with applications to more-sensitive and quantitative technologies to assess HIV-1 globally.
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| S-EPMC5609746 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7771475 | biostudies-literature
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Project description:Variants of the essential genes in budding yeast S. cerevisae were cloned into a variomics library, and tested for their ability to confer resistance to three different drugs. Genes were tagged with molecular barcodes, and the relative change in abundance of the molecular barcodes are detected using a spotted Agilent synthesized microarray. Three condition experiment (3 drugs, rapamycin, tunicamycin and cycloheximide).
2010-06-05 | E-GEOD-20961 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:IntroductionHIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is an important challenge in the fight against HIV/AIDS and can threaten progress toward achieving the target of HIV elimination by 2030. Genotyping pretreatment HIVDR testing (DRT) has been proposed as a potential solution. However, the cost-effectiveness of this intervention needs to be evaluated to determine its feasibility and potential impact on healthcare systems. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of DRT among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Iran.Methods1000 hypothetical PLHIV were simulated in terms of cost and effectiveness based on quality-adjusted life Years (QALY). The Markov Model was developed to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) using TreeAge Pro 2020. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were performed for sensitivity analyses.ResultsResults showed that compared to not performing pretreatment HIVDR testing, this intervention gained 0.035999 QALY with an incremental cost of 1,695.32 USD. The ICER was calculated as 47,093.53 USD, indicating that pretreatment DRT was not cost-effective. The probability of opportunistic infection (OI) in people with viral failure, the effectiveness of Dolutegravir in people without drug resistance, and the quality of life (QoL) of people in the AIDS stage were found to be the most important variables affecting ICER. With an increasing willingness to pay more than 53,000 USD, pretreatment DRT testing will become cost-effective.ConclusionBased on our findings, pretreatment HIVDR testing is not currently cost-effective in Iran as it imposes high costs on healthcare systems with few benefits for People living with HIV (PLHIV). However, if resources are available, drug resistance testing can be a valuable tool in generating HIV molecular data and molecular surveillance of HIV.
| S-EPMC11379287 | biostudies-literature