Dataset Information

Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced tuberculosis in humans.

ABSTRACT: We aimed to estimate the global occurrence of zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis or M. caprae infections in humans by performing a multilingual, systematic review and analysis of relevant scientific literature of the last 2 decades. Although information from many parts of the world was not available, data from 61 countries suggested a low global disease incidence. In regions outside Africa included in this study, overall median proportions of zoonotic TB of ≤1.4% in connection with overall TB incidence rates ≤71/100,000 population/year suggested low incidence rates. For countries of Africa included in the study, we multiplied the observed median proportion of zoonotic TB cases of 2.8% with the continental average overall TB incidence rate of 264/100,000 population/year, which resulted in a crude estimate of 7 zoonotic TB cases/100,000 population/year. These generally low incidence rates notwithstanding, available data indicated substantial consequences of this disease for some population groups and settings.

SUBMITTER: Muller B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4816377 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced tuberculosis in humans.

Müller Borna B Dürr Salome S Alonso Silvia S Hattendorf Jan J Laisse Cláudio J M CJ Parsons Sven D C SD van Helden Paul D PD Zinsstag Jakob J

Emerging infectious diseases 20130601 6

We aimed to estimate the global occurrence of zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis or M. caprae infections in humans by performing a multilingual, systematic review and analysis of relevant scientific literature of the last 2 decades. Although information from many parts of the world was not available, data from 61 countries suggested a low global disease incidence. In regions outside Africa included in this study, overall median proportions of zoonotic TB of ≤1.4% in connect ...[more]

PMID: 23735540

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Project description:Livestock production is a fundamental pillar of the Moroccan economy. Infectious diseases of cattle and other species represent a significant threat to the livestock industry, animal health, and food safety. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis, generates considerable direct and indirect economic losses, and an underestimated human health burden caused by zoonotic transmission. Previous studies have suggested likely M. bovis transmission links between Morocco and Southern Europe, however, limitations inherent with the methods used prevented definitive conclusions. In this study, we employed whole genome sequencing analysis to determine the genetic diversity of the first 55 M. bovis whole-genomes in Morocco and to better define the phylogenetic links between strains from Morocco and a large dataset from related and neighboring countries. With a total of 780 M. bovis sequences extracted from cattle, wildlife or humans and representing 36 countries, we discovered two new M bovis spoligotypes in Morocco and that the Moroccan clonal complexes are classified as belonging to Europe or Unknown, supporting previous studies that the Sahara Desert might be playing a key role in preventing M. bovis transmission between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, our analysis showed a close M. bovis genetic relationship between cattle from Morocco and cattle from Spain, France, Portugal and Germany, and from cattle in Morocco and humans in Italy, Germany, and the UK. These results suggest that animal trade and human migration between Morocco and these countries might be playing a role in disease transmission. Our study benefits from a large sample size and a rich dataset that includes sequences from cattle, wildlife and humans from Morocco and neighboring countries, enabling the delineation of M. bovis genetic links across countries and host-species. Our study calls for further investigation of animal and zoonotic TB spread in Morocco and in other countries, which is important to inform future TB control measures at the animal-human interface.

Project description:BackgroundZoonotic human tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is as vital as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, however with scarce available information. We aimed to use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technology to take a deep insight into the circulating genotypes of human M. bovis and the genomic characteristics underlying virulence and drug resistance.MethodsThe study included smear positive Ziehl-Neelsen samples from patients with suspected tuberculosis. Samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media and suspected colonies of M. bovis were selected to undergo DNA extraction and WGS. Data was analysed using the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC), and online bioinformatics tools. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for our sequenced strains, in addition to a set of 59 previously sequenced M. bovis genomes from different hosts and countries.ResultsOut of total 112 mycobacterial positive cultures, five M. bovis were isolated and underwent WGS. All sequenced strains belonged to Mycobacterium tuberculosis var bovis, spoligotype BOV_1; BOV_11. Resistance gene mutations were determined in 100% of strains to pyrazinamide (pncA and rpsA), isoniazid (KatG and ahpC), ethambutol (embB, embC, embR and ubiA), streptomycin (rpsl) and fluoroquinolones (gyrA and gyrB). Rifampin (rpoB and rpoC) and delamanid (fbiC) resistance genes were found in 80% of strains. The major represented virulence classes were the secretion system, cell surface components and regulation system. The phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relatedness of three sequenced M. bovis strains to previous reported cow strains from Egypt and human strains from France, as well as relatedness of one M. bovis strain to four human Algerian strains. One sequenced strain was related to one cow strain from Egypt and a human strain from South Africa.ConclusionsAll sequenced M. bovis isolates showed the same spoligotype, but diverse phylogeny. Resistance gene mutations were detected for anti-TB drugs including pyrazinamide, isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, cycloserine, rifampin and delamanid. The virulence profile comprised genes assigned mainly to secretion system, cell surface components and regulation system. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic relatedness between our isolates and previously sequenced bovine strains from Egypt as well as human strains from other nearby countries in the region.

Project description:BackgroundZoonotic tuberculosis is defined as human infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Although globally, India has the largest number of human tuberculosis cases and the largest cattle population, in which bovine tuberculosis is endemic, the burden of zoonotic tuberculosis is unknown. The aim of this study was to obtain estimates of the human prevalence of animal-associated members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) at a large referral hospital in India.MethodsWe did a molecular epidemiological surveillance study of 940 positive mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) cultures, collected from patients visiting the outpatient department at Christian Medical College (Vellore, India) with suspected tuberculosis between Oct 1, 2018, and March 31, 2019. A PCR-based approach was applied to subspeciate cultures. Isolates identified as MTBC other than M tuberculosis or as inconclusive on PCR were subject to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and phylogenetically compared with publicly available MTBC sequences from south Asia. Sequences from WGS were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive, accession number SRP226525 (BioProject database number PRJNA575883).FindingsThe 940 MGIT cultures were from 548 pulmonary and 392 extrapulmonary samples. A conclusive identification was obtained for all 940 isolates; wild-type M bovis was not identified. The isolates consisted of M tuberculosis (913 [97·1%] isolates), Mycobacterium orygis (seven [0·7%]), M bovis BCG (five [0·5%]), and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (15 [1·6%]). Subspecies were assigned for 25 isolates by WGS, which were analysed against 715 MTBC sequences from south Asia. Among the 715 genomes, no M bovis was identified. Four isolates of cattle origin were dispersed among human sequences within M tuberculosis lineage 1, and the seven M orygis isolates from human MGIT cultures were dispersed among sequences from cattle.InterpretationM bovis prevalence in humans is an inadequate proxy of zoonotic tuberculosis. The recovery of M orygis from humans highlights the need to use a broadened definition, including MTBC subspecies such as M orygis, to investigate zoonotic tuberculosis. The identification of M tuberculosis in cattle also reinforces the need for One Health investigations in countries with endemic bovine tuberculosis.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

Dataset Information

Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced tuberculosis in humans.

Publications

Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced tuberculosis in humans.

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