A Media Literacy Education Approach to Teaching Adolescents Comprehensive Sexual Health Education.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Scull TM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4828968 | biostudies-literature | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
A Media Literacy Education Approach to Teaching Adolescents Comprehensive Sexual Health Education.
Scull Tracy M TM Malik Christina V CV Kupersmidt Janis B JB
The journal of media literacy education 20140101 1
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Project description:BACKGROUND:School-based comprehensive sexual health education can improve adolescent health outcomes, and web-based programs are a promising approach to overcoming challenges associated with teacher-led formats by ensuring that students receive content that is consistent, unbiased, and medically accurate. However, many adolescents do not receive high-quality sexual health education and turn to the media for information about sex and relationships. Consumption of sexual media messages is related to early and risky sexual behaviors. Media literacy education (MLE) is a proven approach to adolescent sexual health promotion, yet there are no rigorously evaluated web-based MLE programs to promote sexual and relationship health among high school students. METHODS:This study will test the efficacy, in a randomized controlled trial, of Media Aware, a web-based comprehensive sexual health promotion program for high school students that uses an MLE approach. Participants will be students in 9th and 10th grade health classes in participating schools. Randomization will take place at the school level, and data collection will take place at three time points (i.e., pretest, posttest, and 3 months follow-up). Students in the intervention classrooms will receive Media Aware between pretest and posttest, and students in the delayed-intervention classrooms will receive Media Aware after study completion (i.e., after 3 months follow-up data collection). Students in the delayed-intervention classes will receive their standard health education programming, and teachers in the delayed-intervention classes will be asked to refrain from teaching sexual health or MLE during the study timeframe. The primary outcome variables are intentions, willingness, and behaviors related to sexual health and sexual activity. DISCUSSION:There are currently no evidence-based comprehensive sexual health programs for high school students that are web-based and use an MLE approach. Media Aware has the potential to be an engaging, less expensive, and effective sexual and relationship health program for high school students. Media Aware is unique in two important ways: (1) the web-based format reduces many of the challenges to fidelity of implementation associated with teacher-led sexual health education; and (2) the MLE approach addresses a commonly ignored influence on adolescent sexual and relationship health, namely, media. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04035694. Registered on 29 July 2019. Contact for Scientific Queries: Tracy Scull, PhD (Principal Investigator); innovation Research & Training at 5316 Highgate Drive, Suite 121, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27713; tscull@irtinc.us.
| S-EPMC6950901 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: People with low health literacy have poorer self-management of chronic diseases like asthma. Studies of parent health literacy and education level on the management of children's chronic illnesses reveal inconclusive results. We hypothesized a correlation between parent and adolescent health literacy in teens with asthma. Methods: Sociodemographic data were obtained; health literacy was assessed on adolescents and parents with three instruments: Rapid Estimate of Adolescent/Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), Single Item Literacy Screener (SILS) and Newest Vital Sign (NVS). Agreement between scores was examined by calculating weighted kappa statistics and performing Bowkers test of symmetry. Results: In all, 243 adolescents and 203 parents completed health literacy assessments yielding 198 paired observations. 9th-12th graders, 60.6% female, 72.7% African-American (AA), mean age: 15.3 years (±0.9). Parent education ranged from < high school (19.1%) to college graduate (24.0%). Agreement between adolescent and parent scores was poor: REALM (κw = 0.26), SILS (κw = 0.12), and NVS (κw = 0.29) and disagreement did not significantly differ by race. Positive correlations of moderate strength (overall and between racial groups) were found between reading scores and both REALM and NVS scores, and between REALM and NVS scores. Due to the inverse relationship of SILS scores with health literacy level, SILS scores (overall and between racial groups) were weakly and negatively correlated with reading scores, REALM and NVS. Conclusion: Correlation between education level and traditional literacy suggests that these are contributing factors to the health literacy of adolescents with asthma. Correlation between adolescent and caregiver health literacy was not supported.
| S-EPMC6443504 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RationaleAdolescent pregnancy in Lao PDR is the highest in Southeast Asia. It leads to negative health and social consequences in young people. It is anticipated that this problem is partly caused by limited sexual and reproductive health literacy (SRHL), leading to poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) decisions. Based on the concept of health literacy, SRHL goes beyond knowledge and behavior and is the self-perceived ability of an individual to access the needed information, understand the information, appraise and apply the information into informed decision making for a good way to contribute to sexual and reproductive health. It is not only knowing (knowledge) and doing (behavior), but it is the process of individual's thought on an SRH problem before taking an action. The aim of this study was to measure SRHL among school-going adolescents aged 15-19 and to determine factors associated with SRHL.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study in rural and urban areas of Lao PDR in 2017. Respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire with five parts: socio-demographic, personal health, SRH knowledge and behavior, SRHL, and functional literacy. We calculated the SRHL score based on the HL-EU index and used descriptive statistics to determine the score and levels. Then we used bivariate statistics and multiple linear regression to identify factors associated with SRHL in these adolescents.ResultAmong 461 respondents, 65.5% had inadequate SRHL. Scores were positively and significantly associated with several factors, including: school location (β: 3.218; p<0.001), knowledge on SRH and attending SR class in school (p:0.010-p<0.001), and functional literacy on condoms, which reflected how respondents understood the use of condoms (β: 0.871; p<0.001).ConclusionBecause most school adolescents had inadequate SRHL, comprehensive sexual education and enabling information as well as service access for adolescents are essential to ensure that adolescents can access, understand, appraise and apply good SRH knowledge in decision-making to benefit their own health.
| S-EPMC6334956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Low health literacy (HL) is associated with many negative health outcomes, and is a major challenge in public health and healthcare. Interventions to improve outcomes associated with HL are needed. In this paper, we aim to develop a comprehensive HL intervention model. We used a multimethod approach, consisting of (1) a literature review of articles listed in MEDLINE, presenting HL intervention models, (2) online consultation of international HL experts, and (3) two consensus meetings with members (n = 36 and 27) of a consortium studying HL among older adults (50+) in Europe. In our literature review, we identified twenty-two HL models, only a few of which focused explicitly on interventions. Sixty-eight health literacy experts took part in the online survey. The results from all three methods came together in a comprehensive HL intervention model. This model conceptualized interventions as potentially targeting five factors affecting HL outcomes: (1) individuals’ personal characteristics, (2) individuals’ social context, (3) communication between individuals and health professionals, (4) health professionals’ HL capacities, and (5) health systems. Our model is the first comprehensive HL model focused specifically on interventions. The model can support the further development of HL interventions to improve the health outcomes of people with low HL.
| S-EPMC6025600 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) commonly affect the younger population in low- and-middle-income countries. School children may be educated about road safety using storybooks with colorful pictures, which tends to increase the child's interest in the text. Therefore, this study assessed the use of bilingual pictorial storybooks to improve RTI prevention knowledge among school children.MethodsThis pretest-posttest study was conducted in eight public and nine private schools of Karachi, Pakistan, between February to May 2015. Children in grades four and five were enrolled at baseline (n = 410). The intervention was an interactive discussion about RTI prevention using a bilingual (Urdu and English) pictorial storybook. A baseline test was conducted to assess children's pre-existing knowledge about RTI prevention followed by administration of the intervention. Two posttests were conducted: first immediately after the intervention, and second after 2 months. Test scores were analyzed using McNemar test and paired sample t-test.ResultsThere were 57% girls and 55% public school students; age range 8-16 years. Compared to the overall baseline score (5.1 ± 1.4), the number of correct answers increased in both subsequent tests (5.9 ± 1.2 and 6.1 ± 1.1 respectively, p-value < 0.001). Statistically significant improvement in mean scores was observed based on gender, grades and school type over time (p-value < 0.001).ConclusionDiscussions using bilingual pictorial storybooks helped primary school children in Pakistan grasp knowledge of RTI prevention. RTI education sessions may be incorporated into school curricula using storybooks as teaching tools. Potential exists to create similar models for other developing countries by translating the storybooks into local languages.
| S-EPMC5804052 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMany community college students experience poor sexual and relationship health outcomes. Young adults consume a plethora of media content, much of which depicts unhealthy sexual and romantic relationships, and research has shown that media exposure can negatively impact health outcomes. Asynchronous, web-based media literacy education (MLE) programs have been shown to improve short-term sexual and relationship health outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research on the mechanisms by which MLE programs impact health outcomes and the long-term effects of MLE programs on sexual and relationship health outcomes among community college students.MethodsThis study will (1) evaluate the unique effects of MLE on primary and secondary sexual and relationship health outcomes; (2) compare the mechanisms underlying the effects of an asynchronous, web-based MLE sexual health program (Media Aware) to the mechanisms underlying the effects of an active control program on health outcomes; and (3) evaluate the long-term efficacy of Media Aware on media literacy skills and sexual and relationship health outcomes compared to active control and delayed intervention control groups. To address these aims, a three-arm randomized controlled trial with young adults attending community college will be conducted. It is expected that around 30 campuses will participate and approximately 67 students from each campus will be enrolled in the study (estimated n = 2010). Campuses will be randomized to either the (1) intervention group (Media Aware); (2) active control group (sexual health education from Media Aware without MLE content or methods); or (3) delayed intervention control group. Students will complete online questionnaires at pretest, posttest, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups.DiscussionThis project has the potential to advance theory about the potential mechanisms through which MLE has an impact on sexual and relationship health outcomes by directly testing the impact of interventions using a randomized design. Additionally, this study is expected to establish strong evidence for the effectiveness of Media Aware for use with young adults and to help identify strategies to optimize the longer-term impact of the program on health. Students' satisfaction with programming will be discussed to inform future implementation efforts.
| S-EPMC9210582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Media Detective is a 10-lesson elementary school substance use prevention program developed on the basis of the message interpretation processing model designed to increase children's critical thinking skills about media messages and reduce intent to use tobacco and alcohol products. The purpose of this study was to conduct a short-term, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Media Detective for achieving these goals.Elementary schools were randomly assigned to conditions to either receive the Media Detective program (n=344) or serve in a waiting list control group (n=335).Boys in the Media Detective group reported significantly less interest in alcohol-branded merchandise than boys in the control group. Also, students who were in the Media Detective group and had used alcohol or tobacco in the past reported significantly less intention to use and more self-efficacy to refuse substances than students who were in the control group and had previously used alcohol or tobacco.This evaluation provides evidence that Media Detective can be effective for substance use prevention in elementary school-aged children. Notably, media-related cognitions about alcohol and tobacco products are malleable and relevant to the development and maintenance of substance use behaviors during late childhood. The findings from this study suggest that media literacy-based interventions may serve as both a universal and a targeted prevention program that has potential for assisting elementary school children in making healthier, more informed decisions about use of alcohol and tobacco products.
| S-EPMC5559225 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHigh media use has been implicated in negative social and health outcomes among adolescents. Therefore, it is critical that adolescents develop skills to healthily engage with media content. Media health literacy (MHL), skills for assessing and responding to health-related media content, and potentially targetable moderators for the relationship between media use and health-related outcomes are understudied in adolescents. The lack of MHL assessment tools may have contributed to this research gap.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate test-based scales of adolescents' MHL.MethodsThe items developed were vetted iteratively via community reviews and cognitive interviews to establish content and face validity. Adolescents (N=355) completed a questionnaire that included the revised MHL items. The scales (Recognition/Identification, Influence/Critical Analysis, and Action/Reaction) were validated using Rasch measurement models. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the summed scores of the three scales with existing functional and internet-related health literacy measures. Criterion validity was assessed by modeling logistic regressions for predicting health literacy-related behaviors from each scale after controlling for demographics. Effect sizes were estimated, and a short form was also validated.ResultsThe final MHL scales (Recognition/Identification, Influence/Critical Analysis, and Action/Reaction) fit their Rasch models. The 9-item Recognition/Identification and 9-item Influence/Critical Analysis scales had good convergent validity with functional and internet-related health literacy measures and were positively related to reading instructions before taking medicines and questioning the truthfulness of health information found online. The 12-item MHL Scales-Short Form also had good convergent and criterion validity. However, convergent and criterion validity were not established for the 3-item Action/Reaction Scale.ConclusionsThe Recognition/Identification and Influence/Critical Analysis scales and the MHL Scales-Short Form may be used to determine the impact of MHL on media use and health outcome relationships and ultimately inform the development of interventions and policies to affect these relationships in multiple settings.
| S-EPMC9055475 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7937769 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo describe the comprehensive sex education (CSE) coverage and to evaluate a set of indicators related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the seven components of the CSE framework among Mexican high-school students.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in public and private high schools in Mexico. Questions about CSE coverage and about knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexual health were included. We present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to CSE, and sexual health outcomes. We fitted a series of multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between each CSE component exposure and sexual health outcomes, adjusting for age and sex.ResultsThere were significant associations between being exposed to each CSE components and the related sexual health outcomes. The strongest one was for identifying effective contraceptives among those exposed to the Sexual and Reproductive Health component (SRH) (OR 4.10; 95%CI[2.93,5.75]). Also, students exposed to the relationships component had 20% higher odds of affirming they could convince their partner to use condoms (OR 1.20; 95%CI[1.05,1.36]).ConclusionsThis paper provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of CSE on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. In addition, it identifies areas that should be strengthened to increase the positive impact of CSE.
| S-EPMC5858848 | biostudies-literature