Rapid Inflammasome Activation following Mucosal SIV Infection of Rhesus Monkeys.

ABSTRACT: The earliest events following mucosal HIV-1 infection, prior to measurable viremia, remain poorly understood. Here, by detailed necropsy studies, we show that the virus can rapidly disseminate following mucosal SIV infection of rhesus monkeys and trigger components of the inflammasome, both at the site of inoculation and at early sites of distal virus spread. By 24 hr following inoculation, a proinflammatory signature that lacked antiviral restriction factors was observed in viral RNA-positive tissues. The early innate response included expression of NLRX1, which inhibits antiviral responses, and activation of the TGF-β pathway, which negatively regulates adaptive immune responses. These data suggest a model in which the virus triggers specific host mechanisms that suppress the generation

SUBMITTER: Barouch DH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4842119 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature