Ectodomain Architecture Affects Sequence and Functional Evolution of Vertebrate Toll-like Receptors.

ABSTRACT: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of innate immunity that specifically recognize diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns from pathogens. The continuous hydrogen-bond network (asparagine ladder) formed among the asparagine residues on the concave surfaces of neighboring leucine-rich repeat modules assists in stabilizing the overall shape of TLR ectodomains responsible for ligand recognition. Analysis of 28 types of vertebrate TLRs showed that their ectodomains possessed three types of architectures: a single-domain architecture with an intact asparagine ladder, a three-domain architecture with the ladder interrupted in the middle, and a trans-three-domain architecture with the ladder broken in both termini. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, the three vertebrate TLR ar

SUBMITTER: Wang J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4877655 | biostudies-literature | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature