Metabolism, Protein Binding, and Renal Clearance of Microbiota-Derived p-Cresol in Patients with CKD.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

Colonic microbial metabolism substantially contributes to uremic retention solutes in CKD. p-Cresyl sulfate is the main representative of this group of solutes, relating to adverse outcomes. Other than sulfate conjugation, p-cresol is subjected to endogenous glucuronide conjugation. Whether the balance between sulfate and glucuronide conjugation is relevant in CKD is unexplored.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We prospectively followed 488 patients with CKD stages 1-5 (enrollment between November of 2005 and September of 2006; follow-up until December of 2010). Serum and urine levels of p-cresyl sulfate and p-cresyl glucuronide were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total amount of microbial p-cresol was calculate

SUBMITTER: Poesen R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4934829 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature