Joint effects of genetic variants and residential proximity to pesticide applications on hypospadias risk.

ABSTRACT:

Background

We examined risks associated with joint exposure of gene variants and pesticides.

Methods

Analyses included 189 cases and 390 male controls born from 1991 to 2003 in California's San Joaquin Valley. We used logistic regression to examine risks associated with joint exposures of gene variants and pesticides that our previous work identified as associated with hypospadias. Genetic variables were based on variants in DGKK, genes involved in sex steroid synthesis/metabolism, and genes involved in genital tubercle development. Pesticide exposure was based on residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications.

Results

Odds ratios (ORs) were highest among babies with joint exposures, who had two- to fourfold increased risks; for example, the O

SUBMITTER: Carmichael SL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4983249 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature