Comprehensive review of epidemiological and animal studies on the potential carcinogenic effects of nicotine per se.

ABSTRACT: The effects of long-term use of nicotine per se on cancer risk, in the absence of tobacco extract or smoke, are not clearly understood. This review evaluates the strength of published scientific evidence, in both epidemiological and animal studies, for the potential carcinogenic effects of nicotine per se; that is to act as a complete carcinogen or as a modulator of carcinogenesis. For human studies, there appears to be inadequate evidence for an association between nicotine exposure and the presence of or lack of a carcinogenic effect due to the limited information available. In animal studies, limited evidence suggests an association between long-term nicotine exposure and a lack of a complete carcinogenic effect. Conclusive studies using current bioassay guidelines, however, are missing

SUBMITTER: Haussmann HJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5020336 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature