From Wasting to Obesity: The Contribution of Nutritional Status to Immune Activation in HIV Infection.

ABSTRACT: The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on innate and adaptive immune activation occurs in the context of host factors, which serve to augment or dampen the physiologic response to the virus. Independent of HIV infection, nutritional status, particularly body composition, affects innate immune activation through a variety of conditions, including reduced mucosal barrier defenses and microbiome dysbiosis in malnutrition and the proinflammatory contribution of adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in obesity. Similarly, T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine expression are reduced in the setting of malnutrition and increased in obesity, potentially due to adipokine regulatory mechanisms restraining energy-avid adaptive immunity in times of starvation and exerting a

SUBMITTER: Koethe JR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5021242 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature