Dataset Information

Local quantum thermal susceptibility.

ABSTRACT: Thermodynamics relies on the possibility to describe systems composed of a large number of constituents in terms of few macroscopic variables. Its foundations are rooted into the paradigm of statistical mechanics, where thermal properties originate from averaging procedures which smoothen out local details. While undoubtedly successful, elegant and formally correct, this approach carries over an operational problem, namely determining the precision at which such variables are inferred, when technical/practical limitations restrict our capabilities to local probing. Here we introduce the local quantum thermal susceptibility, a quantifier for the best achievable accuracy for temperature estimation via local measurements. Our method relies on basic concepts of quantum estimation theory, providing an operative strategy to address the local thermal response of arbitrary quantum systems at equilibrium. At low temperatures, it highlights the local distinguishability of the ground state from the excited sub-manifolds, thus providing a method to locate quantum phase transitions.

SUBMITTER: De Pasquale A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5056999 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Local quantum thermal susceptibility.

De Pasquale Antonella A Rossini Davide D Fazio Rosario R Giovannetti Vittorio V

Nature communications 20160929

Thermodynamics relies on the possibility to describe systems composed of a large number of constituents in terms of few macroscopic variables. Its foundations are rooted into the paradigm of statistical mechanics, where thermal properties originate from averaging procedures which smoothen out local details. While undoubtedly successful, elegant and formally correct, this approach carries over an operational problem, namely determining the precision at which such variables are inferred, when tech ...[more]

PMID: 27681458

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Project description:Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease characterised by late diagnosis, genetic neoplastic heterogeneity, poor T-cell infiltration, a highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, and metastatic spreading which results in poor clinical outcomes. Surgery remains the most effective treatment, although it is limited to a few patients. Local ablative techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have been proposed to control PC progression in patients with nonresectable tumours. However, the impact of these therapies on promoting the activation of the immune system and eliciting an effective anti-tumour immune response remains elusive. Whether local ablative techniques could overcome resistance to immunotherapy in PC is unknown. We enrolled a cohort of patients with non-resectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer and longitudinally evaluated the impact of local thermal ablation on circulating immunological parameters. Additionally, we used cancer cell lines derived from PC transgenic mouse models to establish a preclinical platform that recapitulates systemic and localised inflammation induced by RFA in vivo. Finally, we employed this preclinical experimental platform to evaluate the efficacy of the therapeutic treatments. Thermal ablation induced a short-term inflammatory process resulting in a systemic increase in myeloid cells as well as increased plasma levels of high mobility group box 1 molecule, which correlates with a better patient outcome. We performed thermal ablative procedures in mice bearing orthotopic PC and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of thermal treatment alone or in combination with immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy through activation of a T lymphocyte-dependent anti-tumour immune response. We demonstrated that RFA synergises with immunotherapy to restrict tumour progression, significantly improving the overall survival of PC-bearing mice. Tumour immune landscape characterisation confirmed that RFA in combination with immunotherapy supported the sculpting of an immune hostile milieu towards an effective anti-tumour milieu characterised by an increased infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in spite of CD206-expressing tumour-associated macrophages. Our study confirmed that RFA enhances immunotherapy effectiveness by breaking tumour immune tolerance and unleashing the full cytotoxic abilities of tumour-specific T-cells. Thus, RFA can circumvent the current limitations of immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Dataset Information

Local quantum thermal susceptibility.

Publications

Local quantum thermal susceptibility.

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