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Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature.

ABSTRACT: Thermoregulation is one of the most vital functions of the brain, but how temperature information is converted into homeostatic responses remains unknown. Here, we use an unbiased approach for activity-dependent RNA sequencing to identify warm-sensitive neurons (WSNs) within the preoptic hypothalamus that orchestrate the homeostatic response to heat. We show that these WSNs are molecularly defined by co-expression of the neuropeptides BDNF and PACAP. Optical recordings in awake, behaving mice reveal that these neurons are selectively activated by environmental warmth. Optogenetic excitation of WSNs triggers rapid hypothermia, mediated by reciprocal changes in heat production and loss, as well as dramatic cold-seeking behavior. Projection-specific manipulations demonstrate that these distinct effectors are controlled by anatomically segregated pathways. These findings reveal a molecularly defined cell type that coordinates the diverse behavioral and autonomic responses to heat. Identification of these warm-sensitive cells provides genetic access to the core neural circuit regulating the body temperature of mammals. PAPERCLIP.

SUBMITTER: Tan CL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5062957 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature.

Tan Chan Lek CL Cooke Elizabeth K EK Leib David E DE Lin Yen-Chu YC Daly Gwendolyn E GE Zimmerman Christopher A CA Knight Zachary A ZA

Cell 20160908 1

Thermoregulation is one of the most vital functions of the brain, but how temperature information is converted into homeostatic responses remains unknown. Here, we use an unbiased approach for activity-dependent RNA sequencing to identify warm-sensitive neurons (WSNs) within the preoptic hypothalamus that orchestrate the homeostatic response to heat. We show that these WSNs are molecularly defined by co-expression of the neuropeptides BDNF and PACAP. Optical recordings in awake, behaving mice re ...[more]

PMID: 27616062

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Project description:IntroductionAmbient temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis seedlings is sensed by the epidermis-localized phytochrome B (phyB) and transduced into auxin biosynthesis via a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4). Once synthesized, auxin travels down from the cotyledons to the hypocotyl, triggering hypocotyl cell elongation. Thus, the phyB-PIF4 module involved in thermosensing and signal transduction is a potential genetic target for engineering warm temperature-insensitive plants.ObjectivesThis study aims to manipulate warm temperature-induced elongation of plants at the post-translational level using phyB variants with dark reversion, the expression of which is subjected to heat stress.MethodsThe thermosensitive growth response of Arabidopsis was manipulated by expressing the single amino acid substitution variant of phyB (phyB[G515E]), which exhibited a lower dark reversion rate than wild-type phyB. Other variants with slow (phyB[G564E]) or rapid (phyB[S584F]) dark reversion or light insensitivity (phyB[G767R]) were also included in this study for comparison. Warming-induced transient expression of phyB variants was achieved using heat shock-inducible promoters. Arabidopsis PHYB[G515E] and PHYB[G564E] were also constitutively expressed in rice in an attempt to manipulate the heat sensitivity of a monocotyledonous plant species.ResultsAt an elevated temperature, Arabidopsis seedlings transiently expressing PHYB[G515E] under the control of a heat shock-inducible promoter exhibited shorter hypocotyls than those expressing PHYB and other PHYB variant genes. This warm temperature-insensitive growth was related to the lowered PIF4 and auxin responses. In addition, transgenic rice seedlings expressing Arabidopsis PHYB[G515E] and PHYB[G564E] showed warm temperature-insensitive shoot growth.ConclusionTransient expression of phyB variants with altered dark reversion rates could serve as an effective optogenetic technique for manipulating PIF4-auxin-mediated thermomorphogenic responses in plants.

Dataset Information

Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature.

Publications

Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature.

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