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Azaphilones from an Acid Mine Extremophile Strain of a Pleurostomophora sp.

ABSTRACT: An extremophilic fungus identified as a Pleurostomophora sp. was isolated from the Berkeley Pit, an acid mine waste lake. When grown in liquid culture, the fungus produced berkchaetoazaphilones A-C (1, 2, and 5), the red pigment berkchaetorubramine (6), and the known compound 4-(hydroxymethyl)quinoline. These compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-3, caspase-1, and proinflammatory cytokine production in induced THP-1 cells. Berkchaetoazaphilone B (2) inhibited IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 production in the induced inflammasome assay and was cytotoxic toward human retinoblastoma cell line Y79 (IC50 = 1.1 μM), leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM and SR, and the melanoma cell line LOX IMVI (IC50 = 10 μM).

SUBMITTER: Stierle AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5156323 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Azaphilones from an Acid Mine Extremophile Strain of a Pleurostomophora sp.

Stierle Andrea A AA Stierle Donald B DB Girtsman Teri T Mou T C TC Antczak Christophe C Djaballah Hakim H

Journal of natural products 20151207 12

An extremophilic fungus identified as a Pleurostomophora sp. was isolated from the Berkeley Pit, an acid mine waste lake. When grown in liquid culture, the fungus produced berkchaetoazaphilones A-C (1, 2, and 5), the red pigment berkchaetorubramine (6), and the known compound 4-(hydroxymethyl)quinoline. These compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-3, caspase-1, and proinflammatory cytokine production in induced THP-1 cells. Berkchaetoazaphilone B (2) inhibited IL-1β, ...[more]

PMID: 26641525

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Project description:Multicellularity in Cyanobacteria played a key role in their habitat expansion, contributing to the Great Oxidation Event around 2.45 billion to 2.32 billion years ago. Evolutionary studies have indicated that some unicellular cyanobacteria emerged from multicellular ancestors, yet little is known about how the emergence of new unicellular morphotypes from multicellular ancestors occurred. Our results give new insights into the evolutionary reversion from which the Gloeocapsopsis lineage emerged. Flow cytometry and microscopy results revealed morphological plasticity involving the patterned formation of multicellular morphotypes sensitive to environmental stimuli. Genomic analyses unveiled the presence of multicellularity-associated genes in its genome. Calcein-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments confirmed that Gloeocapsopsis sp. strain UTEX B3054 carries out cell-to-cell communication in multicellular morphotypes but at slower time scales than filamentous cyanobacteria. Although traditionally classified as unicellular, our results suggest that Gloeocapsopsis displays facultative multicellularity, a condition that may have conferred ecological advantages for thriving as an extremophile for more than 1.6 billion years.IMPORTANCECyanobacteria are among the few prokaryotes that evolved multicellularity. The early emergence of multicellularity in Cyanobacteria (2.5 billion years ago) entails that some unicellular cyanobacteria reverted from multicellular ancestors. We tested this evolutionary hypothesis by studying the unicellular strain Gloeocapsopsis sp. UTEX B3054 using flow cytometry, genomics, and cell-to-cell communication experiments. We demonstrate the existence of a well-defined patterned organization of cells in clusters during growth, which might change triggered by environmental stimuli. Moreover, we found genomic signatures of multicellularity in the Gloeocapsopsis genome, giving new insights into the evolutionary history of a cyanobacterial lineage that has thrived in extreme environments since the early Earth. The potential benefits in terms of resource acquisition and the ecological relevance of this transient behavior are discussed.

Dataset Information

Azaphilones from an Acid Mine Extremophile Strain of a Pleurostomophora sp.

Publications

Azaphilones from an Acid Mine Extremophile Strain of a Pleurostomophora sp.

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