The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Many studies report a positive association between smoking and mental illness. However, the literature remains mixed regarding the direction of this association. We therefore conducted a systematic review evaluating the association of smoking and depression and/or anxiety in longitudinal studies.

Methods

Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and were included if they: (1) used human participants, (2) were longitudinal, (3) reported primary data, (4) had smoking as an exposure and depression and/or anxiety as an outcome, or (5) had depression and/or anxiety as the exposure and smoking as an outcome.

Results

Outcomes from 148 studies were categorized into: smoking onset, smoking status, smoking heaviness, tobacco dependence,

SUBMITTER: Fluharty M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5157710 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature