Pen needle design influences ease of insertion, pain, and skin trauma in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Pen needles used for subcutaneous injections have gradually become shorter, thinner and more thin walled, and thereby less robust to patient reuse. Thus, different needle sizes, alternative tip designs and needles resembling reuse were tested to explore how needle design influences ease of insertion, pain and skin trauma.

Research design and methods

30 subjects with injection-treated type 2 diabetes and body mass index 25-35 kg/m² were included in the single-blinded study. Each subject received abdominal insertions with 18 different types of needles. All needles were tested twice per subject and in random order. Penetration force (PF) through the skin, pain perception on 100 mm visual analog scale, and change in skin blood perfusion (SBP) were quantified

SUBMITTER: Præstmark KA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5174793 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature