How to deal with influenza?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jefferson T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC517626 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC529401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Determine gene expression in daphnia exposed to biotic and abiotic stressors. Identify in Daphnia pulex unique gene regulatory patterns involved in the regulation of limited phosphorous.
2012-03-13 | GSE27959 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC5898249 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Large commercial publishers sell bundled online subscriptions to their entire list of academic journals at prices significantly lower than the sum of their á la carte prices. Bundle prices differ drastically between institutions, but they are not publicly posted. The data that we have collected enable us to compare the bundle prices charged by commercial publishers with those of nonprofit societies and to examine the types of price discrimination practiced by commercial and nonprofit journal publishers. This information is of interest to economists who study monopolist pricing, librarians interested in making efficient use of library budgets, and scholars who are interested in the availability of the work that they publish.
| S-EPMC4084480 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Determine gene expression in daphnia exposed to biotic and abiotic stressors. Identify in Daphnia pulex unique gene regulatory patterns involved in the regulation of limited phosphorous. One-condition experiment: Exposed Daphnia pulex for 5 days to phosphorous-limited algae. Biological replicates: 4 exposures, 4 nonexposed controls, grown and harvested in groups of 20 daphnia. One replicate per array.
2012-03-13 | E-GEOD-27959 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We introduce a new Empirical Bayes approach for large-scale hypothesis testing, including estimating false discovery rates (FDRs), and effect sizes. This approach has two key differences from existing approaches to FDR analysis. First, it assumes that the distribution of the actual (unobserved) effects is unimodal, with a mode at 0. This "unimodal assumption" (UA), although natural in many contexts, is not usually incorporated into standard FDR analysis, and we demonstrate how incorporating it brings many benefits. Specifically, the UA facilitates efficient and robust computation-estimating the unimodal distribution involves solving a simple convex optimization problem-and enables more accurate inferences provided that it holds. Second, the method takes as its input two numbers for each test (an effect size estimate and corresponding standard error), rather than the one number usually used ($p$ value or $z$ score). When available, using two numbers instead of one helps account for variation in measurement precision across tests. It also facilitates estimation of effects, and unlike standard FDR methods, our approach provides interval estimates (credible regions) for each effect in addition to measures of significance. To provide a bridge between interval estimates and significance measures, we introduce the term "local false sign rate" to refer to the probability of getting the sign of an effect wrong and argue that it is a superior measure of significance than the local FDR because it is both more generally applicable and can be more robustly estimated. Our methods are implemented in an R package ashr available from http://github.com/stephens999/ashr.
| S-EPMC5379932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study examines trends in the prevalence of price promotions among packaged food and beverage purchases, differences in prevalence by household race/ethnicity or income, and the association between price promotions and the nutritional profile of purchases.DesignThis cross-sectional study utilizes a dataset of 90 million purchases from 38,744 (2008) to 45,042 (2012) US households in 2008-2012. Chi-square tests were used to examine whether the proportion of purchases with price promotions changed over time or differed by household race/ethnicity or income. T-tests were used to compare purchased products' nutritional profiles.ResultsPrevalence of price promotions among packaged food and beverage purchases increased by 8% and 6%, respectively, from 2008 to 2012, with both reaching 34% by 2012. Higher-income households had greater proportions of purchases with price promotions than lower-income households. Asian households had the highest proportion of purchases with any price promotion, followed by non-Hispanic whites. While total price-promoted packaged food purchases had higher mean energy, total sugar, and saturated fat densities than purchases with no price promotions, absolute differences were small.ConclusionsPrevalence of price promotions among US household purchases increased from 2008 to 2012 and was greater for higher-income households. No clear associations emerged between presence of price promotions and nutritional quality of purchases.
| S-EPMC5574185 | biostudies-literature
Project description:States retain significant power over key components of Affordable Care Act implementation. Using data from the US Census from 2010 to 2018, we examine how states' decisions to either establish state-run marketplaces or to default to the federal marketplace influenced the distribution of health insurance types within states. We find, somewhat counterintuitively, that state-based marketplaces are associated with greater change in enrollment for Medicaid compared to the federal marketplace. These findings confirm that, at least until 2018, the most significant increases in insurance coverage resulting from the ACA were in public insurance, rather than private insurance. We explore a number of possible explanations to help explain these findings, raising important questions about the efficacy of the individual mandate (a key mechanism in legislative efforts to reduce the numbers of uninsured), the related administrative burdens associated with state and federal marketplaces, and, equally as important, differential access to Medicaid entitlements among citizens living in different states-access that hinges not only or always on Medicaid expansion, but also and perhaps more importantly, on policy decisions about insurance marketplaces.
| S-EPMC10297752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein involved in the activation of IFN-β and many other genes associated with the immune response activation in vertebrates. STING induction has gained attention from different angles such as the potential to trigger an early immune response against different signs of infection and cell damage, or to be used as an adjuvant in cancer immune treatments. Pharmacological control of aberrant STING activation can be used to mitigate the pathology of some autoimmune diseases. The STING structure has a well-defined ligand binding site that can harbor natural ligands such as specific purine cyclic di-nucleotides (CDN). In addition to a canonical stimulation by CDNs, other non-canonical stimuli have also been described, whose exact mechanism has not been well defined. Understanding the molecular insights underlying the activation of STING is important to realize the different angles that need to be considered when designing new STING-binding molecules as therapeutic drugs since STING acts as a versatile platform for immune modulators. This review analyzes the different determinants of STING regulation from the structural, molecular, and cell biology points of view.
| S-EPMC10219357 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intratumoral heterogeneity is a major ongoing challenge in the effective therapeutic targeting of cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that a fraction of cells within a tumor termed Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for this diversity resulting in therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Adding to this complexity, recent studies have shown that there can be different subpopulations of CSCs with varying biochemical and biophysical traits resulting in varied dissemination and drug-resistance potential. Moreover, cancer cells can exhibit a high level of plasticity or the ability to dynamically switch between CSC and non-CSC states or among different subsets of CSCs. In addition, CSCs also display extensive metabolic plasticity. The molecular mechanisms underlying these different interconnected axes of plasticity has been under extensive investigation and the trans-differentiation process of Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a major contributing factor. Besides genetic and epigenetic factors, CSC plasticity is also shaped by non-cell-autonomous effects such as the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the latest developments in decoding mechanisms and implications of CSC plasticity in tumor progression at biochemical and biophysical levels, and the latest in silico approaches being taken for characterizing cancer cell plasticity. These efforts can help improve existing therapeutic approaches by taking into consideration the contribution of cellular plasticity/heterogeneity in enabling drug resistance.
| S-EPMC7203492 | biostudies-literature