Fluorination-enabled optimal morphology leads to over 11% efficiency for inverted small-molecule organic solar cells.

ABSTRACT: Solution-processable small molecules for organic solar cells have attracted intense attention for their advantages of definite molecular structures compared with their polymer counterparts. However, the device efficiencies based on small molecules are still lower than those of polymers, especially for inverted devices, the highest efficiency of which is <9%. Here we report three novel solution-processable small molecules, which contain π-bridges with gradient-decreased electron density and end acceptors substituted with various fluorine atoms (0F, 1F and 2F, respectively). Fluorination leads to an optimal active layer morphology, including an enhanced domain purity, the formation of hierarchical domain size and a directional vertical phase gradation. The optimal morphology balances charge

SUBMITTER: Deng D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5187412 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature