Hypothalamic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Biphasic Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic β Cells during Fasting and in Type 2 Diabetes.

ABSTRACT: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by pancreatic β cells is biphasic. However, the physiological significance of biphasic GSIS and its relationship to diabetes are not yet fully understood. This study demonstrated that impaired first-phase GSIS follows fasting, leading to increased blood glucose levels and brain glucose distribution in humans. Animal experiments to determine a possible network between the brain and β cells revealed that fasting-dependent hyperactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase in the hypothalamus inhibited first-phase GSIS by stimulating the β-adrenergic pancreatic nerve. Furthermore, abnormal excitability of this brain-β cell neural axis was involved in diabetes-related impairment of first-phase GSIS in diabetic animals. Finally, pancreatic denervation im

SUBMITTER: Kume S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5264491 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature