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Biofortification of rice with the essential amino acid lysine: molecular characterization, nutritional evaluation, and field performance.

ABSTRACT: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major staple crop worldwide, has limited levels of the essential amino acid lysine. We previously produced engineered rice with increased lysine content by expressing bacterial aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase and inhibiting rice lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase activity. However, the grain quality, field performance, and integration patterns of the transgenes in these lysine-enriched lines remain unclear. In the present study, we selected several elite transgenic lines with endosperm-specific or constitutive regulation of the above key enzymes but lacking the selectable marker gene. All target transgenes were integrated into the intragenic region in the rice genome. Two pyramid transgenic lines (High Free Lysine; HFL1 and HFL2) with free lysine levels in seeds up to 25-fold that of wild type were obtained via a combination of the above two transgenic events. We observed a dramatic increase in total free amino acids and a slight increase in total protein content in both pyramid lines. Moreover, the general physicochemical properties were improved in pyramid transgenic rice, but the starch composition was not affected. Field trials indicated that the growth of HFL transgenic rice was normal, except for a slight difference in plant height and grain colour. Taken together, these findings will be useful for the potential commercialization of high-lysine transgenic rice.

SUBMITTER: Yang QQ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5301931 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biofortification of rice with the essential amino acid lysine: molecular characterization, nutritional evaluation, and field performance.

Yang Qing-Qing QQ Zhang Chang-Quan CQ Chan Man-Ling ML Zhao Dong-Sheng DS Chen Jin-Zhu JZ Wang Qing Q Li Qian-Feng QF Yu Heng-Xiu HX Gu Ming-Hong MH Sun Samuel Sai-Ming SS Liu Qiao-Quan QQ

Journal of experimental botany 20160601 14

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major staple crop worldwide, has limited levels of the essential amino acid lysine. We previously produced engineered rice with increased lysine content by expressing bacterial aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase and inhibiting rice lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase activity. However, the grain quality, field performance, and integration patterns of the transgenes in these lysine-enriched lines remain unclear. In the present study, ...[more]

PMID: 27252467

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Project description:The objective of this study was to evaluate growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma amino acid profiles of feedlot steers fed rumen-protected Lys. Forty-two Angus-cross steers (304 ± 25 kg) were blocked by weight and fed treatment diets for 180 d (growing days 0 to 55; finishing days 56 to 180): 1) Lys-deficient diet (CON; n = 12 steers), 2) Lys-adequate diet containing soybean meal (POS; n = 12 steers), or 3) Lys-deficient diet plus supplemental rumen-protected Lys (RPL; AjiPro-L; Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition North America, Eddyville, IA; n = 18 steers). Consecutive day bodyweights (BWs) were recorded to begin and end growing and finishing. Individual steer dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded. Blood was collected on days 0, 56, and 179 for analysis of physiological free amino acids. Steers were harvested on day 180 and carcass characteristics were recorded. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS 9.4. Steer was the experimental unit and treatment was the fixed effect for all parameters. Block was a fixed effect for growth performance, feed intake, and carcass data. The day 0 value for each parameter of physiological free amino acids was used as a covariate during analysis. The CON steers had greater BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed (G:F) at the end of growing (day 56; P ≤ 0.05) vs. POS and RPL. The CON steers also had greater final BW (P = 0.04) and overall ADG (P = 0.04) than RPL, while POS was intermediate. Carcass characteristics were not different across treatments [hot carcass weight, dressing percent, ribeye area, back fat, kidney/pelvic/heart (KPH) percent, marbling, or calculated yield grade; P ≥ 0.13]. Plasma urea N was greater in POS steers on days 56 and 179 (P ≤ 0.04). Plasma Lys and Arg concentrations were greater in POS at day 56 (P ≤ 0.02); however, there was no difference among treatments for these two variables at day 179 (P ≥ 0.44). Steers in all treatments had greater DMI than predicted, causing a negative metabolizable Lys balance for all treatments during growing. Though the metabolizable Lys balance was positive for POS and RPL-fed steers during finishing, the increased metabolizable Lys in these treatments may have decreased performance if other amino acids were imbalanced due to increased intakes.

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Dataset Information

Biofortification of rice with the essential amino acid lysine: molecular characterization, nutritional evaluation, and field performance.

Publications

Biofortification of rice with the essential amino acid lysine: molecular characterization, nutritional evaluation, and field performance.

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